background and objectives: food security has been most important concern of the mankind on the earth. on the other hand, agricultural productions have always been face by risk probability in the case of weather and changes in international markets, however this risk probability never undeleted completely, but could be minimized that by pre-harvesting yield estimation. in this study, different m...

Among the hierarchy of sensors, the distributed fiberoptic temperature sensor is unique, as it offers continuous sensing over tens of kilometers with good temperature accuracy and high spatial resolution. Distributed temperature sensors (DTS's) that use Raman scattering as the sensing mechanism have already been reported.`-4 More recently, the variation with temperature of the Stokes frequency ...

Airborne lidar is being considered as a tool for fish detection and for fisheries surveys. Detection has been demonstrated, and an imaging lidar has been developed to detect and identify fish for commercial fisheries. For survey work, a simpler radiometric lidar is being investigated, and preliminary results suggest that such a lidar can be very useful for biomass estimation.

to determine the suitable indices for vegetation cover and production assessment based on the remote sensing data, simultaneous digital data with field data belonging to the spring rangeland of the semirom-isfahan province were analyzed. during two years of monitoring the annual, grass, forb, and shrub vegetation cover and the total production data from 86 were collected. the global positioning...

High-resolution wavefront control for adaptive optics requires accurate sensing of a measure of optical quality. We present two analog very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) image-plane sensors that supply real-time metrics of image and beam quality, for applications in imaging and line-of-sight laser communication. The image metric VLSI sensor quantifies sharpness of the received image in terms o...

This paper reports the effect of post-laser irradiation on the gas-sensing behavior of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films. Nanocrystalline NiO semiconductor thin films were fabricated by a sol-gel method on a nonalkaline glass substrate. The NiO samples were irradiated with a pulsed 532-nm wavelength, using a Nd:YVO(4) laser beam. The effect of laser irradiation on the microstructure, electrical con...

In an earlier publication we demonstrated that by using pairs of pulses of different colors (e.g., red and blue) it is possible to excite a dilute ensemble of molecules such that lasing and/or gain-swept superradiance is realized in a direction toward the observer. This approach is a conceptual step toward spectroscopic probing at a distance, also known as standoff spectroscopy. In the present ...

We extend the functionality of a low-cost CW diode laser coherent lidar from radial wind speed (scalar) sensing to wind velocity (vector) measurements. Both speed and horizontal direction of the wind at ~80 m remote distance are derived from two successive radial speed estimates by alternately steering the lidar probe beam in two different lines-of-sight (LOS) with a 60° angular separation. Dua...