in the past and before granting the inventors and owners of intellectual property rights special exclusive rights and privileges under the patent laws, the protection of intellectual property rights was possible only through a legal regime which could help to keep the know how and innovation secret. this regime, in which contractual terms are often used to keep the innovation secret, is called ...

Faced with social and health system capacity constraints and rising and changing demand for welfare services, governments and welfare providers are increasingly relying on innovation to help support and enhance services. However, the evidence reported by several studies indicates that the realization of that potential is not an easy task. Innovations can be deemed inherently complex to implemen...

The construction and exploration of light-triggered nanochannels provides an opportunity for the effective use light to meet ever-increasing global energy demand possibility study potential mechanism biological conversion information through nanochannels. Photoharvesting is one most fundamental important processes plenty room future devices in energy-harvesting systems development photodetector...

In this article, we propose artificial intelligence (AI) enabled unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aided wireless networks (UAWN) for overcoming the challenges imposed by random fluctuation of channels, blocking and user mobility effects. UAWN, multiple UAVs are employed as base stations, which capable promptly adapting to randomly fluctuating environment collecting information about users' positio...

fuel wood provides the main source of energy for cooking and space heating for over 80 percent of households living in kenya. the heavy reliance on the biomass energy has exerted an imbalance in demand and supply consequently resulting in adverse environmental effects in kenya. as part of innovation efforts, several energy-conserving technologies have been developed. a unique cook stove named m...

Organizations increasingly rely on external sources of innovation via inter-organizational network relationships. This paper explores the diffusion and characteristics of collaborative relationships between universities and industry, and develops a research agenda informed by an 'open innovation' perspective. A framework is proposed, distinguishing university–industry relationships from other m...

In anonymous credential schemes, users obtain credentials on certain attributes from an issuer, and later show these credentials to a relying party anonymously and without fully disclosing the attributes. In this paper, we introduce the notion of (anonymous) credential schemes with encrypted attributes, in which issuers certify credentials on encrypted attributes to users. These schemes allow f...