it is a well-known position that al-ghazali believes in the disability of reason to know moral goodness and badness, and it is in need of religious laws to know them. but is this because of his belief in reason’s structural disability or is it based on another ground? in this paper we take into consideration this view-point and investigate its real foundations. we show that al-ghazali seriously...

This essay seeks to summarize and compare the theological ideas of Jonathan Edwards, a western philosopher, with those of Feyz Kashani, an eastern philosopher. The reason for this study is the numerous conjunctions that are seen in their ideas. These include the harmony of heart and reason in respect to belief, the priority of the heart in the reflection of truth, the belief in centrality of th...

Studies concerning the relationship between religion and mental health have provided substantial evidence for the existence of a positive relationship. Nevertheless, it remains largely unclear which aspects of both religion and mental health take part in this relationship. The present study uses multiple measures of religion and of mental health to obtain a more refined view of this relationshi...

Respect and reverence for water and trees are institutionalised in many ancient civilisations due to socio-cultural traditions, values and beliefs. In Iranian societies, respect for trees and water, separately and in composite form as gardens, is a well-known cultural value both before and after Islam. Therefore, the first part of this paper explains the value and importance of plants and ga...

This paper is the result of research on interpreting universal values ​​of Pancasila according to paradigm fiqh sosial. a qualitative research. uses descriptive method. The Fiqh Sosial refers thoughts Kiai Sahal Mahfudh who believes that purpose human existence in this world get happiness and heaven. goal will be achieved if humans do not separate implementation two functions. Namely function i...

Through the Second Vatican Council, Catholic Church asserts import of religious liberty for every individual and believes that one is entitled to live out one’s faith. Thus, through Dignitatis Humanae, has revealed her intention create inter-religion dialogues encourage respect positive values different religions. This raises a question as whether such voiced in Humanae are applicable when it c...

The study describes Imam Zarkasyi's thought of reconstruction pesantren reform. This aims to explore thoughts be implemented as a model Islamic education reform for the modernization society. limitations this research are Zarkasyi curriculum, empowerment organizational management, and ethics training in boarding schools. findings were revealed three main points. First, believes that Education c...

10 not believe what it is not able to derive) and mutual introspection (if an agent a i believes A then another agent a j believes that a i believes A). Thus for instance common belief can be axiomatized by introducing a new predicate symbol CB(:), and, for any a i , by adding the following two bridge rules to the deduction machinery.