ramadan fasting is specific intermittent fasting comprising significant changes in routine lifestyle pattern and may affect body homeostasis and metabolism. in spite of several studies conducted on the effects of ramadan fasting on various aspects of health and disease, because of heterogeneity in methodology and procedures (sometimes inevitable), a comprehensive concluding for reliable results...

We can foster collaboration between the academic study of religion and the sciences, particularly the biological and psychological sciences, if we (1) construct a common object of study that can be positioned within an evolutionary paradigm, (2) adopt a building block approach to the study of religion that distinguishes between religions and the more elementary phenomena that comprise them, and...

1. Evolution of Dietary Culture 1.1. Hunting and Gathering 1.2. The Era of Agricultural Food Production 1.3. The Middle Ages—Agriculture and Dietary Habits 1.4. The Industrial Revolution and Dietary Habits 2. Food and Religion 2.1. Western Religions 2.1.1. Christianity 2.1.2. Islam 2.1.3 Judaism 2.2. Eastern Religions 2.2.1 Buddhism 2.2.2. Hinduism 3. Food Habits in Different Regions 3.1. Asian...

Orthodoxy, and other so-called world religions that were complicit with colonialist expansion and its repression of the “other peoples” (indigenous), their rites and beliefs. For centuries, colonial societies have denied that indigenous peoples had “religions” at all; as the great photographer of Native North American cultures Edward S. Curtis stated, “There seems to be a broadly prevalent idea...

The spreading power and interactivity of the Internet would not be necessary for the traditional religions that adhere to the communities in Japan. But such communities are changing or vanishing in the modern society. So these religions still need some method to hand over (tradere) their meanings and values to the next generation. Then the Internet comes out as one choice. We will take notice o...

In 1993 The Parliament of the World's Religions produced a declaration known as A Global Ethic which set out fundamental points of agreement on moral tissues between the religions of the world. However, the declaration did not deal explicitly with medical ethics. This article examines Buddhist and Christian perspectives on euthanasia and finds that in spite of their cultural and theological dif...

The modern sociology of religion is founded on the fundamental tension between Weber’s and Durkheim’s approaches to religion. In this article, I want to use the tension between Weber and Durkheim to address fundamental problems in understanding religious modernity, both in the modern West and in contemporary Africa. Weber sought to explain differences in the social effects of the world religion...