Recently, firms have begun to handle the design, manufacturing, and maintenance of capital goods through a consolidated mechanism called integrated product-service system. This new paradigm enables deliver high-reliability products while lowering ownership cost. Hence, holistic optimization models must be proposed for jointly allocating reliability, maintenance, spare parts inventory across ent...

This study focuses on effectively designing reliable systems. Such systems are capable of withstanding failure events by applying multiple realistic workarounds. These workarounds include allocating redundancy, component reliability, and backup strategy that considered concurrently as decision variables. In this novel view, the reliability components determined freely independently to achieve o...

The concept of species redundancy in ecosystem processes is troublesome because it appears to contradict the traditional emphasis in ecology on species singularity. When species richness is high, however, ecosystem processes seem clearly insensitive to considerable variation in biodiversity. Some elementary principles from reliability engineering, where engineered redundancy is a valued part of...

Reliability allocation has an essential connection to design for reliability and is an important activity in the product design and development process. In determining the reliability of subsystems or components on the basis of goal reliability, attention must be paid to failure effect, failure information, and improvement opportunities based upon real potentials for reliability improvement. In...

Path diversity works by setting up multiple parallel connections between the end points using the topological path redundancy of the network. In this paper, Forward Error Correction (FEC) is applied across multiple independent paths to enhance the endto-end reliability. Internet paths are modeled as erasure Gilbert-Elliot channels [1], [2]. First, it is shown that over any erasure channel, Maxi...

Path diversity works by setting up multiple parallel connections between the end points using the topological path redundancy of the network. In this paper, Forward Error Correction (FEC) is applied across multiple independent paths to enhance the endto-end reliability. Internet paths are modeled as erasure Gilbert-Elliot channels [1], [2]. First, it is shown that over any erasure channel, Maxi...