Mounting evidence implicates the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a promising model species for reward and addiction research. Modeling drug abuse-related behavior in both adult and larval zebrafish produced a wealth of clinically translatable data, also demonstrating their sensitivity to various drugs of abuse and the ability to develop tolerance. Several studies have also applied withdrawal paradig...

ZIP models were used to detect reductions in drug abuse among young people living with HIV (YPLH) over 15 months when most young people abstain from use. YPLH (n = 171) aged 16 to 29 years were randomly assigned to an 18 session intervention or a delayed-intervention condition. The ZIP models showed significant reductions in abuse of multiple substances over time in the non-delayed intervention...

Most of the behavioral pharmacology research that has examined variables controlling drug self-reinforced behavior has been concerned with well-trained steady-state levels of drug-maintained responding. Little attention has been directed toward transition states such as the initial acquisition of drug-reinforced responding or reacquisition of responding after a period of abstinence (relapse). I...

AIM To investigate the impact of an interdisciplinary low vision service on the vision related quality of life of service users. METHODS 71 patients were interviewed 2 weeks before their appointment with the service and again 6 months later to assess any changes in their vision related quality of life. The majority of these patients had age related macular degeneration. RESULTS After contac...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS The most popular recreational pastime in the U.S. is television viewing. Some researchers have claimed that television may be addictive. We provide a review of the definition, etiology, prevention and treatment of the apparent phenomenon of television addiction. METHODS Selective review. RESULTS We provide a description of television (TV) addiction, including its negativ...

Recent scientific advances have led to a greater understanding of the neurobiological processes that underlie drug abuse and addiction. These suggest that multiple neurotransmitter systems may play a key role in the development and expression of drug dependence. These advances in our knowledge promise not only to help us identify the underlying cause of drug abuse and dependence, but also to ai...

BACKGROUND Among various methods and types of drug abuse, injection receives a great deal of importance because of its related dangerous behavior and health consequences. It seemed that some of the network's indicators affect dangerous behavior of injection. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between a network's indicators and basic factors with high-risk behavior of injection among inje...

Previously reported substance abuse interventions incorporating meditation and spiritual approaches are believed to provide their benefit through modulation of both psychological and pyschosocial factors. A 90-day residential group pilot treatment program for substance abuse that incorporated a comprehensive array of yoga, meditation, spiritual and mind-body techniques was conducted in Amritsar...

BACKGROUND Marital instability is affected by many factors. In Iran, socio-cultural and political limitations are obstacles for sexuality-related studies; therefore, insufficient in- formation is available in this area. In the present research, we investigated the relation- ship between marital instability and sexual satisfaction among Iranian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A case-control study...

BACKGROUND Drug abuse in juveniles is one of the most serious problems which lead to different physical, social and educational damages and outcomes. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study is to predict the addiction Potential in youths by their early maladaptive schemas. MATERIALS AND METHODS The research sample included students of the University of Sistan and Baluchistan, Zahedan, Iran,...