The hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are traditionally associated with regulating memory and executive function, respectively. The contribution of these brain regions to food intake control, however, is poorly understood. The present study identifies a novel neural pathway through which monosynaptic glutamatergic ventral hippocampal field CA1 (vCA1) to mPFC connectivity inhib...

Present study has revealed that zinc plays important role in regulating the production and secretion of proteins at transcriptional or translational level. Study has firmly depicted the change in the levels of polypeptide of 70 kDa in zinc deficient group. The protein pattern in pair fed group has been affected mainly to combat the insult due to low food intake.

The contribution of hypothalamic appetite-regulating peptides to further hyperphagia accompanying the course of lactation in rats was investigated by using PCR array and real-time PCR. Furthermore, changes in the mRNA expression for appetite-regulating peptides in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) were analyzed at all stages of pregnancy and lactation, and also after weaning. Food intake w...

Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Dietary fatty-acid composition regulates lipids and lipoprotein metabolism and may confer CVD benefit. This review updates understanding of the effect of dietary fatty-acids on human lipoprotein metabolism. In elderly participants with hyperlipidemia, high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty-acids (PUFA) consumption diminished hepatic ...

Glucose is the primary fuel for the brain. It has been proposed that the brain senses glucose, and promotes eating behaviours when levels are low. A system regulating glucose intake, driven by hedonic responses generated in the limbic system, has been identified. A taste-independent mechanism within the CNS that promotes glucose intake has been postulated. Glucokinase is a member of the hexokin...

Sigmund CD. Divergent mechanism regulating fluid intake and metabolism by the brain renin-angiotensin system. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 302: R313– R320, 2012. First published November 2, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00575.2011.— The purpose of this review is two-fold. First, I will highlight recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms regulating angiotensin II (ANG II) synt...

The in utero availability of methyl donors, such as choline, may modify fetal epigenetic marks and lead to sustainable functional alterations throughout the life course. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulates cortisol production and is sensitive to perinatal epigenetic programming. As an extension of a 12-wk dose-response choline feeding study conducted in third-trimester pregn...

Recently, we serendipitously discovered that mice with the deficiency of the enzyme prolylcarboxypeptidase (PRCP) have elevated alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) levels which lead to decreased food intake and weight loss. This suggests that PRCP is an endogenous inactivator of alpha-MSH and an appetite stimulant. Since a modest weight loss can have the most profound influence on ...

The objective of this study was to determine the potential role of astrocyte-derived ketone bodies in regulating the early changes in caloric intake of diet induced-obese (DIO) versus diet-resistant (DR) rats fed a 31.5% fat high-energy (HE) diet. After 3 days on chow or HE diet, DR and DIO rats were assessed for their ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) ketone bodies levels and neuronal ventromedi...

25 26 The objective of this study was to determine the potential role of astrocyte-derived ketone bodies 27 in regulating the early changes in caloric intake of diet induced-obese (DIO) vs. diet resistant 28 (DR) rats fed a 31.5% fat high-energy (HE) diet. After 3 d on chow or HE diet, DR and DIO rats, 29 were assessed for their ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) ketone bodies levels and neuronal ...