Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is complex refuse consisting of various materials with different properties. Some of the components are stable while others degrade as a result of biological and chemical processes. Leachate resulting from this is hazardous pollutant to the soil and ground water underlying. Leaching of this leachate and heavy metals into the soil leads to the contamination of both so...

sediment core samples can provide useful information about aquatic environment. sedimentation rate, climate changes and heavy metal concentration are among the most important studies that are carried out on sediment cores. in this study, a sediment core of 70cm with aim of metal concentration investigation is collected from central part of the zarivar lake in the vicinity of the marivan city in...

Background: The release of metals from industrial factories is one of the most important sources of environmental pollution. The present study aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals like cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in dust around the cement factory. Methods: A total of 22 dust samples were collected from areas around the cement factory...

Many of the investigations of contamination related laser damage to date have been largely phenomenological. These papers can provide some direction in the quest for determining and maintaining adequate laser cleanliness levels. Purely optical analyses of laser contamination effects likewise provide direction. Neither the phenomenological nor the purely classical optical methods provide a solid...

We investigate the effects of surface contamination, modeled as a thin dielectric coating, on the dynamics in suspensions of ideally polarizable spheres in an applied electric field using large-scale direct particle simulations. In the case of clean particles (no contamination), the suspensions are known to undergo dipolophoresis, or a combination of dielectrophoresis, which tends to cause part...

while ignoring income distribution and estimating aggregate demand generally leads to aggregation bias and thus, does not reflect households’ demand properly, yet aggregation bias is rarely considered in empirical demand studies and simply is ignored in most cases. the objective of the present study is to estimate aggregation bias in households’ demand for various types of meats and to evaluate...