Status epilepticus represents a true neurologic emergency that requires immediate treatment to stop seizure activity and prompt diagnostic evaluation to recognize potentially treatable causes. Although an etiology may be detected in many cases, in a significant number of patients the cause is not established by the usual laboratory or neuroimaging studies. We performed an extensive literature r...

Continuous electroencephalography (EEG) is a major tool for monitoring patients admitted to the intensive care unit after refractory convulsive status epilepticus, following control of movements. We review values different EEG patterns observed in critically ill prognosis and seizure risk, together with proposed criteria non-convulsive epilepticus diagnosis (Salzburg Criteria), scores (Epidemio...

JUSTIFICATION Status epilepticus has a wide etiological spectrum, and significant morbidity and mortality. Management using a pre-determined uniform protocol leads to better outcomes. Multiple protocols for management of childhood status epilepticus are available, without much consensus. PROCESS A 'Multi-disciplinary Consensus Development Workshop on Management of Status Epilepticus in Childr...

Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is defined as status epilepticus that continues 24 h or more after the onset of anesthesia, and includes those cases in which epilepsy is recurrent upon treatment reduction. We describe the presentation and successful management of a male patient with SRSE using the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane, and mild hypothermia (HT). The potential utility of comb...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Propofol is used for treating refractory status epilepticus, which has high rate of mortality. Propofol infusion syndrome is a rare but often fatal syndrome, characterized by lactic acidosis, lipidemia, and cardiac failure, associated with propofol infusion over prolonged periods of time. We investigated the clinical factors that characterize propofol infusion syndrome to...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review presents the state of the art in the diagnosis and management of status epilepticus. RECENT FINDINGS In addition to general background, this article presents the most recent findings regarding the diagnosis and treatment of status epilepticus, including the results of the Rapid Anticonvulsant Medication Prior to Arrival Trial (RAMPART) and the available data on t...