In this research, we demonstrate a high-sensitivity integrated silicon nitride long period grating (LPG) refractometer based on rib waveguide with sinusoidally modulated width. While LPG architectures typically achieve ultrahigh sensitivity only over narrow optical bandwidth using phase-matching turning-point optimization technique, our sensor exhibits very high refractometric that was designed...

The oxygen permeability (Dk) of ten 24-hr collagen shields was measured directly by polarographic methodology at approximately 2 hr of hydration. Edge and boundary effects were included in the calculations. Dk was found to be approximately 26 x 10(-11) cm ml O2/sec ml mmHg at 35 degrees C. Mean water content of the shields was 65.7% (SD = 1.0%) as measured by a hand refractometer. Therefore, th...

A liquid core waveguide as a refractometer is proposed. Microtunnels were created in standard optical fiber using tightly focused femtoscond laser inscription and chemical etching. A 1.2(h)x125(d) x500(l) mum micro-slot engraved along a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) was used to construct liquid core waveguide by filling the slot with index matching oils. The device was used to measure refractive in...

The objective of this study was to identify herd-level colostrum management factors associated with the adequate transfer passive immunity (TPI; defined as serum Brix refractance ≥8.4% in first week life). A total 59 commercial Holstein dairy farms were included observational cross-sectional study. In every participating herd, a minimum 14 calves sampled measure their TPI using digital refracto...