Gene expression in apple roots in response to various stress conditions is a less-explored research subject. Reliable reference genes for normalizing quantitative gene expression data have not been carefully investigated. In this study, the suitability of a set of 15 apple genes were evaluated for their potential use as reliable reference genes. These genes were selected based on their low vari...

In this study, molecular characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sample obtained from water buffalo originating from southwest of Iran was performed using comparative sequence analysis of cox1 mitochondrial gene. DNA was extracted from protoscoleces removed from hydatid cyst from the liver of a 2-year-old male buffalo slaughtered in Khuzestan province. Molecular and phylog...

background: leptospirosis has been recognized as an important reemerging infectious disease caused by pathogenic leptospira spp. a major challenge of this disease is the application of a basic research to improve diagnostic method. outer membrane proteins of leptospira are potential candidates that could be useful in diagnosis. among them the lipl41 is an immunogenic protein which is present on...

Trichomonas vaginalis is the etiologic agent of trichomonosis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide. This infection is associated with several health consequences, including cervical and prostate cancers and HIV acquisition. Gene expression analysis has been facilitated because of available genome sequences and large-scale transcriptomes in T. vaginalis, particularly...

Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) is widely used to analyze the relative gene expression level, however, the accuracy of qRT-PCR is greatly affected by the stability of reference genes, which is tissue- and environment- dependent. Therefore, choosing the most stable reference gene in a specific tissue and environment is critical to interpret gene expression ...

background : the aim of the present study was genotyping of echinococcus granulosus isolates from dogs and jackals in mazandaran province, northern iran, and using partial sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene ( cox1 ). methods: e. granulosus isolates (n = 15) were collected from 42 stray dogs and 16 jackals found in south of the caspian sea in northern iran. after m...