Biofuels are anticipated to enable a shift from fossil fuels for renewable transportation and manufacturing fuels, with biohydrogen considered attractive since it could offer the largest reduction of global carbon budgets. Currently, lignocellulosic biohydrogen production remains inefficient with pretreatments that are heavily fossil fuel-dependent. However, bacteria using alkali-treated biomas...

Malaysia, as a small and developing country, must reduce carbon emissions because the country is one of the top CO2-emitting countries in the ASEAN region. Therefore, the current study implements two environmental tax policies; carbon and energy taxes, in order to examine the impacts of these policies on the reduction of carbon emission in the whole of the economy by applying a compu...

Anaerobic digestion is an engineered methanogenic decomposition of organic matter under oxygen-free conditions and involves a mixed consortium of different species of anaerobic microoganisms that transform organic matter into biogas. The process is successfully used for the treatment of municipal sludge, animal manure, industrial sludge, and industrial and municipal wastewaters. Applications of...

This paper investigates the effect of renewable energy consumption on material consumption, considering relationship between Material Footrprint and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), testing assumptions Environmental Kuznets Curve. A STIRPAT variation is used to specify a model relating Footprint GDP. The tested for fossil fuels other categories. analysis applied seven European countries with highe...

The influences of different diesel/biodiesel blends and EGR rate on brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), exhaust gas temperature, NO, HC, CO emissions, are studied and demonstrated. In this paper a four stroke direct injection, water cooled, diesel engine was used. Biodiesel either in neat form or as a blend with diesel fuel is extensively investigated to solve the twin problem of reduction ...

Using a significant quantity of fossil fuels has adverse impacts on our lives and will affect future generations. Additionally, there are limited and decreasing numbers of nonrenewable resources around the world. In contrast, renewable resources are not depleted and provide energy with negligible pollution. Wind energy is one of the more common renewable energy resources. This project aims to e...

In this paper an Environmental Economic Dispatch (EED) problem is proposed to investigate the emission control. The current energy consumption is weighing heavily on fossil fuels which account for about 70-90% of total energy used. These fossil fuels produce harmful gaseous emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) which cause hazardous effects in t...

The benefits of using alternative fuels (AFs) in the cement industry include reduction of the use of non-renewable fossil fuels and lower emissions of greenhouse gases, since fossil fuels are replaced with materials that would otherwise be degraded or incinerated with corresponding emissions and final residues. Furthermore, the use of alternative fuels maximizes the recovery of energy. Seven di...

A review of conventional methods of production of hydrogen from fossil fuels is presented. Some advanced and unconventional methods of production of hydrogen based on fossil fuels are also presented. The general characteristics of the feedstocks used to produce hydrogen are first described. This is followed by the chemistry required to generate hydrogen. Then the chemical process operations and...