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P ayment for cancer care will change radically over the next decade as the nation struggles to hold down health care costs, experts told an early October Institute of Medicine forum, Delivering Affordable Cancer Care in the 21st Century. Traditional fee-for-service medicine, in which oncology reimbursement relies disproportionately on profits from expensive chemotherapy drugs, will give way to ...

If adopted by EPA, proposed new regulations on stack emissions will force many utilities with coalfired boilers to reduce their NOx emissions to levels which are substantially lower then can be achieved with current low NOx burner technology. To meet these requirements, some utilities are anticipating the need to use selective catalytic reduction (SCR) for NOx control. New SCR catalysts under d...

High calf and feeder cattle prices during the past couple of years have helped many of Missouri’s cowcalf producers achieve profitability. Even though many cattle producer’s operations are profitable, work should continue to improve the economic position of the farm or ranch. Profitability may be enhanced by increasing the volume of production (i.e. the pounds of calves you market) and/or the v...

Under the assumptions of the market of Black and Scholes, options are redundant since, through the classic Black-Scholes delta hedging argument, they can be replaced by an equivalent combination the risky asset underlying the option and a risk free asset. We show that options are not redundant when small proportional transaction costs of size ε are added to the model, which provides mathematica...

BACKGROUND Medical Savings Accounts are an attempt to reduce health care costs by transferring responsibility for expenditures to patients, while providing them with state-supported base amounts to cover some of the costs. We wondered whether such a system would actually be effective, given the fact that medical care expenditures (and illness) are unequally distributed across the population. ...

Clinician dependent costs are the costs of care that are under the discretion of the healthcare provider. These costs include the costs of drugs, tests and investigations, and discretionary outpatient visits and impatient stays. The purpose of this review was to summarize recent evidence, relevant to both developed and developing countries on whether evidence based clinical guidelines can chang...

factors hindering the development of inundative biological control are insect rearing costs and provide an adequate amount of natural enemies at the appropriate time. storage of natural enemies is a useful technique to increase time flexibility of parasitoids production, and coincide the natural enemies release with pest outbreaks period, and also could reduce costs of mass production. another ...