Tuberculosis immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) may present as new or worsening cavitation. We present an HIV-infected infant in whom TB infection and subsequent cavitation of the Ghon focus appeared to coincide with immune reconstitution due to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). TB-IRIS in response to infection that occurs after starting HAART has not previously been...

We report a patient who developed adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to Mycobacterium tuberculosis as an immune reconstitution disease. This complication occurred 14 days after the commencement of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for advanced HIV infection. The case emphasises that immune reconstitution can be an extremely aggressive complication of HAART.

Persistent hypocalcaemic tetany in a breast-fed neonate made us suspect DiGeorge's syndrome, particularly as the baby had an abnormal facies, and a ventricular septal defect. Immuno-reconstitution was successfully achieved by thymic transplant. Evidence of immuno-reconstitution on the basis of the histology of the post-transplant thymus has not been previously recorded.

Alemtuzumab is a lymphocyte ablative agent that may cause susceptibility to severe opportunistic infections similar to those seen in AIDS. Pathogen-specific immune reconstitution syndromes can complicate antiretroviral therapy and immune recovery in HIV-infected patients. We present the first reported case of immune reconstitution syndrome associated with T lymphocyte recovery after alemtuzumab...

The goal of ARV therapy in immunocompromised HIV-infected individuals is immune reconstitution. However, an aberrant manifestation of this effect sometimes occurs. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), also known as immune restoration disease, refers to a diseaseor pathogen-specific inflammatory response in HIV-infected patients that may be triggered after:  Initiation or re-init...

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) refers to the presence of paradoxical clinical deterioration attributable to immune system recovery during highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We present an immunocompetent patient with multifocal leukoencephalopathy on HAART, with central nervous system (CNS) IRIS pathology of unknown infectious etiology. CNS IRIS pathology should be...

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome can present as a paradoxical reaction after initiation of antiretroviral treatment in patients with severe immunosuppression and underlying infections. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome has often been associated with mycobacteria, and the clinical response to traditional treatment with corticosteroids is not always satisfactory. Consequently...

Extraction of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplasts with cholate-asolectin in the absence of Mg(2+) results in the rapid and selective inactivation of O(2) evolution and a partial (30 to 40%) loss of photosystem II (PSII) donor activity without extraction of thylakoid bound Mn ( approximately 5 to 6 Mn per 400 Chlorophyll). Inclusion of ethylene glycol in the extractions inhibits loss of ...

We have developed a model system for analyzing reconstitution of the notochord using cultured blastoderm isolates lacking Hensen's node and the primitive streak. Despite lacking normal notochordal precursor cells, the notochord still forms in these isolates during the 36 hours in culture. Reconstitution of the notochord involves an inducer, which acts upon a responder, thereby inducing a recons...