Bacillus sp. PS3 produces a glycosylated flagellin. In this study, a number of the glycosylated residues of the flagellin protein were found to be located in the central variable region of this protein. We also report that the motility defect of the Bacillus subtilis flagellin mutant was complemented by Bacillus sp. PS3 flagellin variants without glycosylation, which contained amino acid substi...

The phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum requires motility for full virulence, and its flagellin is a candidate pathogen-associated molecular pattern that may elicit plant defenses. Boiled extracts from R. solanacearum contained a strong elicitor of defense-associated responses. However, R. solanacearum flagellin is not this elicitor, because extracts from wild-type bacteria and fli...

The building blocks of bacterial flagella, flagellin monomers, are potent stimulators of host innate immune systems. Recognition of flagellin monomers occurs by flagellin-specific pattern-recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) in mammals and flagellin-sensitive 2 (FLS2) in plants. Activation of these immune systems via flagellin leads eventually to elimination of the bacteri...

Bacterial swimming is mediated by rotation of a filament that is assembled via polymerization of flagellin monomers after secretion via a dedicated flagellar Type III secretion system. Several bacteria decorate their flagellin with sialic acid related sugars that is essential for motility. Aeromonas caviae is a model organism for this process as it contains a genetically simple glycosylation sy...

Flagellin is a bacterial protein responsible for activation of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5), which we hypothesize is involved in Salmonella's induction of cytoprotective heat shock proteins in intestinal epithelial cells. Flagellin induces the cytoprotective heat shock protein Hsp25 in different intestinal epithelial cell lines and in mouse intestine. Flagellin induces Hsp25 expression in a time...

This study investigated the immune response of broiler chickens with oral treatment of a Lactobacillus spp. pool (PL) associated with microencapsulated recombinant proteins flagellin (FliC) and the subunit B of cholera toxin (CTB). Immune responses were evaluated by measuring IgA from intestinal fluid, serum IgY, and immunostaining of CD8(+) T lymphocytes present in the cecum. The evaluations w...

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a flagellated bacterium and one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis in humans. Bacterial flagellin is required for motility and also a prime target of the innate immune system. Innate immune recognition of flagellin is mediated by at least two independent pathways, TLR5 and Naip5-Naip6/NlrC4/Caspase-1. The functional significance of each of the tw...

The majority of isolates of Burkholderia cepacia, an important opportunistic pathogen associated with cystic fibrosis, can be classified into two types on the basis of flagellin protein size. Electron microscopic analysis indicates that the flagella of strains with the larger flagellin type (type I) are wider in diameter. Flagellin genes representative of both types were cloned and sequenced to...

Fu Z, Bettega K, Carroll S, Buchholz KR, Machen TE. Role of Ca in responses of airway epithelia to Pseudomonas aeruginosa, flagellin, ATP, and thapsigargin. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 292: L353–L364, 2007. First published September 8, 2006; doi:10.1152/ajplung.00042.2006.—Neither Pseudomonas aeruginosa nor flagellin affected cytosolic Ca concentration ([Ca]i) in airway epithelial cell l...

Burn injury is associated with a loss of gut barrier function, resulting in systemic dissemination of gut-derived bacteria and their products. The bacterial protein and TLR5 agonist, flagellin, induces non-specific innate immune responses. Because we detected flagellin in the serum of burn patients, we investigated whether gut-derived flagellin was a primary or secondary contributor to intestin...