Metareasoning can be achieved in probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) using agent models that recursively nest inference queries inside queries. However, the semantics of this powerful, reflection-like language feature has defied an operational treatment, much less reasoning principles for contextual equivalence. We give formal to a core PPL with continuous distributions, scoring, general...

Kant believes that the concepts of a just and compassionate God and the life beyond death spring from our rational need to unite happiness with virtue. But since Kant had banished happiness from any place in moral reasoning, his philosophy of religion have been deemed as not merely discontinuous with his ethics but radically opposed to it. This article tries to argue against this apparent incon...

Introduction: Clinical reasoning is one of the most importantskills in the process of training a medical student to become anefficient physician. Assessment of the reasoning skills in a medicalschool program is important to direct students’ learning. One ofthe tests for measuring the clinical reasoning ability is ClinicalReasoning Problems (CRPs). The major aim of this study is tomeasure psycho...

Abstract One of the core tasks recommender systems is often defined as follows: Find good items. Recommender are thus designed to support our decision-making by helping us find way around online world and guiding things we want. However, relying on has a profound effect because they structure environment in which make choices. In this contribution, I examine how affect practical reasoning wheth...

Reasoning machine reading comprehension (R-MRC) aims to answer complex questions that require discrete reasoning based on text. To support reasoning, evidence, typically the concise textual fragments describe question-related facts, including topic entities and attribute values, are crucial clues from question answer. However, previous end-to-end methods achieve state-of-the-art performance rar...

the current internet inherently has a degree of survivability due to the connection less ip protocol. dynamic routing protocols are designed to react to faults by changing routes when routers learn about topology changes via routing information updates (e.g., link status advertisements). loss of quality of service (qos) has not been an issue because current internet traffic is the best-effort. ...

Abstract We naturally see ourselves as capable of being active with respect to the matter what we believe – epistemic agency. A natural view is that can exercise such agency by engaging in reasoning. Sceptics contend a cannot be maintained light fact reasoning involves judgements, which are not decided upon or products prior intentions. In response, I argue amount virtue its aim‐directed way re...

Objective: Our study aims to examine the mediating role of prosocial moral reasoning, emotion regulation, and emotion lability in the relation between temperamental characteristics and prosocial behaviour. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, a sample of 202 students were recruited through random multistage sampling method. The participants were interviewed about their prosocial moral reasonin...