OBJECTIVES To determine the effects of seating position, combined with restraint use and airbag status, on children's risk of dying in crashes. METHODS Using 1988-95 data from the United States Fatality Analysis Reporting System, risk of death was compared among front and rear seated passengers aged 12 and younger who were involved in fatal crashes for different categories of restraint use an...

CONTEXT Altered foot dynamics due to malalignment of the foot may change plantar-pressure properties, resulting in various kinds of overuse injuries. OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of foot characteristics on plantar-pressure-related measures such as maximum pressure, maximum pressure-time, and pressure-time integral underneath the medial aspect of the foot during running. DESIGN Cross-secti...

In this study, the level of protection offered to rear seat occupants in frontal crashes is investigated. The Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) and National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System (NASS CDS) databases were used for the analyses. The investigation focused on: 1- estimating the fatality protection effectiveness of the rear seat position relative to the righ...

We present a formal model of political competition under approval voting which allows for endogenous candidate entry. Our analysis yields a number of novel insights. First, we develop a notion of sincere voting behavior under approval voting, called relative sincerity. We then show that the relatively sincere voting behavior is consistent with the strategic calculus of voting. Second, we show t...

Nitrogen foam is expected to be an effective method extinguish large-scale fires and suppress explosions. The key its foaming process that gas nitrogen (N2) a solution are mixed uniformly in generator. Moreover, liquid (LN2) has been proposed as source of generate previous experimental works. In this paper, the flow heat transfer characteristics between explored by numerical methods, which then...

The landing gear system is the dominant airframe noise source for most modern commercial aircraft during approach. This manuscript reports results from ALLEGRA (Advanced Low Noise Landing (Main and Nose) Gear Regional Aircraft) project. project assessed performance of several highly realistic low–noise technologies (LNTs) applied to a detailed full–scale nose (NLG) model in aeroacoustic wind–tu...

Abstract With the gradual development of lift device to a simple and efficient direction, drooped spoiler has become an emerging device. The can improve aerodynamic performance wing by reducing air flow separation increase coefficient, which requires deflect certain angle following downward deflection flap. Aiming at this requirement, paper proposes design method follower mechanism based on rel...