Brown tumors are focal bone lesions, caused by increased osteoclastic activity and fibroblastic proliferation, encountered in patients with uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism (HPT). They can be located in any part of the skeleton, but are most frequently encountered in the ribs, clavicles, extremities, and pelvic girdle. Clinically significant lesions in the craniofacial bones are rare Brown tumo...

Axonal degeneration is widespread in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions and is considered to be the main pathological correlate of permanent disability in patients. Recent, evidence suggests that reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from inflammatory cells drive axonal degeneration in active MS lesions by inducing intra-axonal mitochondrial dysfunction. Besides being a target of exogenous ROS, mi...

BACKGROUND Flat urothelial lesions comprise a spectrum of morphologic changes ranging from reactive atypia to carcinoma in situ (CIS). Urothelial dysplasia and CIS are associated with the recurrence and progression of urothelial carcinoma. Distinguishing CIS and dysplasia from reactive atypia based on histolopathogical features alone is often difficult. Using different immunohistochemical marke...

Pseudo-tumoral lesions of the cervix implies some reactive, non-neoplastic changes (metaplasia, hyperplasia, inflammation) that, occasionally, are wrong interpreted as precancerous or malign lesions. Even some can present architectural or cytological abnormal aspects, these are different from the one noted in carcinomas or the precursor lesions of carcinomas. Them recognition is indispensable i...

In this study we investigate the capability of lesions, performed between embryonic day E18 and postnatal day P6, to provoke glial reaction. Two different lesion types were applied: 'severe' lesion (tissue defect) and 'light' lesion (stab wound). The glial reaction was detected with immunostaining against glial fibrillary acidic protein. When performed as early as P0, severe lesions could resul...