Synopsis This chapter presents x-ray image quality optimization techniques using digital phantom images and computerized observer models. The X-ray imaging parameters are optimized so as to maximize tumor detectability while minimizing the patient dose. Digital phantoms are generated using the virtual photographic and radiographic imaging simulator (ViPRIS) package. ViPRIS uses a tomographic ph...

This paper presents results of speciation analysis of soils coming from Silesia. In examinations a five-step extraction procedure has been applied. Direct analysis of sediments and analysis of extracts was carried out by the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry with wavelength dispersion. Examinations were carried out with the use of soil CRM S-l.

The medical radiation usage for diagnostic radiology in Malaysia (a Level II country) for 1990-1994 is reported, enabling a comparison to be made for the first time with the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation Report. In 1994, the number of physicians, radiologists, x-ray units, and x-ray examinations per 1,000 population was 0.45, 0.005, 0.065, and 183, respe...

Objective assessment of the quality of radiographic images is practically a difficult task and protocols that address this problem are few. In 1996, the European union published nearly objective image quality criteria to unify the practices in Europe. However, experience with these criteria in countries of lower health care levels is little documented. As a case study in Tanzania, we present th...

Background Given the fact that children are more sensitive to ionizing radiation than adults, with an increased risk of developing radiation-induced cancer, special care should be taken when they undergo X-ray examinations. The main aim of the current study was to determine Entrance Surface Dose (ESD) to pediatric patients arising from routine x-ray examination in the Radiology Department of Ji...

A practical training program that enabled students to experience an aged person and hemiplegia patient was developed as part of the "Practice Program in Medical Imaging Technology," to help the students understand how to support patients in the X-ray examination setting. Eighty-three third-year radiological technology students participated in the program. During the hour-long course, they exper...

In population surveys of the exposure to medical X-rays both the frequency of examinations and the effective dose per examination are required. The use of the Swiss medical tariffication system (TARMED) for establishing the frequency of X-ray medical examinations was explored. The method was tested for radiography examinations performed in 2008 at the Lausanne University Hospital. The annual nu...

The common investigations done were pure tone audiometry, electronystagmography, X-ray of the internal auditory meatus, CT-scan of the internal auditory meatus and X-ray of the cervical spine. After the examinations and investigations only 52 patients out of the 107 could be given any diagnosis. The most common diagnosis for the vertigo was Meniere's disease.

BACKGROUND To investigate the attitudes of premarital couples towards the premarital screening program after the abolition of compulsory screening in China and to study the factors influencing participation. METHODS Between July 1st 2010 to August 31st 2010, 650 people who registered for marriage at the civil affairs bureau of Wuhan, Suizhou, Zaoyang in Hubei province were studied using quest...