Renewable energy generation and storage requires specialized capital goods, embedding critical raw materials (CRM). The scarcity of CRM therefore affects the transition from a fossil based system to one on renewables, necessary cope with climate change. We consider issue in theoretical model, where we allow for very costly potential substitute, reflecting backstop technology, partial recycling ...

The challenge of achieving net zero CO2 emissions will require a significant scaling up production and international trade several raw materials which are critical for transforming the global economy from one dominated by fossil fuels to led renewable energy technologies. This report provides first joint assessment data on production, trade, export restrictions such OECD’s Inventory Export Rest...