the purpose of this study was to investigate the role of extension services in enhancing effectiveness of out growers’ credit system in kisumu county, kenya. the study specifically sought to determine whether public and private extension services play a significant role in enhancing effectiveness of out-growers’ credit system among smallholder sugarcane farmers. a total of 110 small scale farme...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the total domestic health expenditure in Hong Kong between fiscal years 1989/90 and 2001/02, with breakdown by financing source, provider, and function over time. METHODS The standard health accounting methods as per the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development System of Health Accounts guidelines of 2000 were adopted. RESULTS Total domestic health expend...

a r t i c l e i n f o This study empirically identifies the factors which explain the bank credit to the businesses in varying financial environments and emerging global challenges. With the major focus on supply side this study uses the ARDL econometric approach using annual data from the period 1971 to 2010 for Pakistan. The empirical results indicate that the foreign liabilities, domestic de...

The study examined the effect of financial development on energy consumption in Nigeria from 1990 to 2020. made use secondary data and was analyzed using Non-linear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (NARDL). Domestic credit private sector used measure development, while fossil fuel renewable were non-renewable respectively. Other variables included Gross domestic product, interest rate, infl...

This study evaluated the effect of bank consolidation on economic growth of Nigeria between the periods of 2006-2015. Secondary data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin and the NDIC Annual Reports between the period of 2006 and 2015. Data was analyzed using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) multiple regression technique with the aid of the SPSS statistical software ...

The objective of this research is to conduct an empirical analysis the relationship between Economic Growth and Domestic Commercial Lending in Belize. This guided along supply leading demand following paradigms. growth study measured by annual Gross Product (GDP) which employed as dependent variable. financial development variables applied are: Credit Belize’s Primary, Secondary Tertiary Sector...

Agriculture accounts for most of the renewable freshwater resource withdrawals in Malawi, yet food insecurity and water scarcity remain as major challenges. Despite Malawi’s vast water resources, climate change, coupled with increasing population and urbanisation are contributing to increasing water scarcity. Improving crop water productivity has been identified as a possible solution to water ...

Crop pests and pathogens pose a significant and growing threat to food security, but their geographical distributions are poorly understood. We present a global analysis of pest and pathogen distributions, to determine the roles of socioeconomic and biophysical factors in determining pest diversity, controlling for variation in observational capacity among countries. Known distributions of 1901...

Objective This study aimed to identify the major variables in the estimation of health expenditure in OECD member countries with the decision tree method and to categorize the member countries by health expenditure. Methods The study population comprised the 2014 data of the 35 OECD countries. In the study, health expenditure as a share of gross domestic product was the dependent variable whi...