A simple model of adaptive control of promotional spending is analyzed. In the model, company sales (and therefore profits) are functions of promotional spending rate. Sales response to the promotion changes with time as a result of changes in a parameter of the sales response function. Information about sales response is collected in each time period by performing an experiment. On the basis o...

Micro, small and medium enterprises (UMKM) is one of the important aspects to support improvement economy in Indonesia. Zee Mart’s business UMKM shop Pematang Siantar City with sales purchase transaction activities for supplies. The purpose this study predict Mart store goods coming month using adaptive response rate single exponential smoothing (ARRSES) method. ARRSES a method advantage having...

443 National Tax Journal Vol. LII, No. 3 Abstract This paper examines the required tax rate in a national retail sales tax (NRST). I show that recent proposals, such as one to replace virtually all federal revenues with a 23 percent taxinclusive NRST, are based on assumptions that real government spending would decline by $480 billion per year and that there would be no tax avoidance, evasion, ...

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INTRODUCTION E-cigarette sales continue to increase in the United States. To date, little surveillance research has documented the specific product attributes driving growth. This study uses national market scanner data to describe sales trends in traditional U.S. tobacco retail channels between 2012 and 2013 and identifies product features associated with sales increases. METHODS Data on e-c...

In most states, sales tax is charged when purchasing items at stores and sometimes for catalog or Internet sales. Currently, there are over seven thousand different tax jurisdiction, each with its own tax rate and regulations. The growth of Internet-based shopping and ecommerce promises to complicate the convoluted codes. Recently, the National Governors’ Association proposed a simplified sales...

the advent of e-commerce has prompted many manufacturers to redesign their traditional channel structure by engaging in direct sales. in this paper, we present a dual channel inventory model based on queuing theory in a manufacturer-retailer supply chain, consisting of a traditional retail channel and a direct channel which stocks are kept in both upper and lower echelon. the system receives st...

OBJECTIVE To examine the relation between rates of sales of tobacco to minors and youth smoking prevalence. DESIGN Repeated annual cross sectional surveys. SETTING Seventy five communities in Oregon. PARTICIPANTS A random sample of students in grades 8 and 11 (ages 13 and 17 years) and retail outlets in each participating community. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Thirty day and daily smoking pre...

the sales proceeds are the most important factors for keeping alive profitable companies. so sales and budget sales are considered as important parameters influencing all other decision variables in an organization. therefore, poor forecasting can lead to great loses in organization caused by inaccurate and non-comprehensive production and human resource planning. in this research a coherent so...