Teratogenic and toxicological effects of lidocaine administered during pregnancy were evaluated in the Sprague Dawley rat. High doses of lidocaine administered during specific periods of gestation were shown to produce no apparent adverse toxicological or teratogenic effects. Histological, enzymological, and physical features of the fetuses, utilizing conventional toxicological parameters, were...

background: alpha methyldopa (amd) is a well-known treatment for the pregnancy induced hypertension and commonly used in several countries. indeed the possible effect of amd on the behavioral activities of offspring, whom are exposed during fetus period, has not been studied. the present study evaluated the possible effect of maternal administration of amd on the rat offspring memory in the gro...

31 Jackman S, Brereton RJ, Wright VM. Results of surgical treatment of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. BrJ Surg 1990, 77: 146-8. 32 Smith SD, Tagge EP, Miller J, Cheu H, Sukarochana K, Rowe MI. The hidden mortality in surgically treated necrotizing enterocolitis: fungal sepsis. J Pediatr Surg 1990; 25: 1030-3. 33 Cikrit D, Mastandrea J, West KW, Schreiner RL, Grosfeld JL. Necrotizing entero...

Water homeostasis during fetal development is of crucial physiologic importance. It depends upon maternal fetal fluid exchange at the placenta and fetal membranes, and some exchange between fetus and amniotic fluid can occur across the skin before full keratinization. Lungs only grow and develop normally with fluid secretion, and there is evidence that cerebral spinal fluid formation is importa...