We isolated MED25, which associates with retinoic acid (RA)-bound retinoic acid receptor (RAR) through the C-terminal nuclear hormone receptor (NR) box/LxxLL motif, and increases RAR/RXR-mediated transcription. When tethered to a promoter, MED25 showed intrinsic transcriptional activity in its PTOV domain, which is likely accomplished by direct association with CBP. Reporter assays using domina...

We have developed a family of mammalian coexpression vectors that permit identification of living or fixed cells overexpressing a gene of interest by surrogate detection of a coexpressed marker protein. Using these 'pMARK' vectors, a fluorescence-based, single cell proliferation assay was developed and used to study the effect of retinoic acid receptor beta (RAR-beta) on cell cycling. We demons...

UNLABELLED A subset of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cases has been characterized by the t(5;17)(q35;q21) translocation variant, which fuses nucleophosmin (NPM) to retinoic acid receptor α (RARA). The resultant NPM-RAR fusion protein blocks myeloid differentiation and leads to a leukemic phenotype similar to that caused by the t(15;17)(q22;q21) PML-RAR fusion. The contribution of the N-ter...

AIM Retinoic acid (RA) has proven to possess modest but distinct activity in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), at least in a subgroup of patients. However, the exact molecular mechanisms leading to success or failure of RA application in individual patients are still unknown. As earlier studies have indicated that in RCC the RA receptor (RAR) beta might play a central role in RA signaling,...

Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling is important for regulating transcriptional activity of genes involved in growth, differentiation, metabolism and reproduction. Defects in RAR signaling have been implicated in cancer. TEL, a member of the ETS family of transcription factors, is a DNA-binding transcriptional repressor. Here, we identify TEL as a transcriptional repressor of RAR signaling b...

We reported previously that treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induces differentiation of human myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells to granulocytes, whereas treatment with ATRA alone induces practically no differentiation of these cells. To investigate the mechanism of the synergistic effect of these factors, we examined the ...

Nephrin, a crucial component of the slit diaphragm, is downregulated in proteinuric glomerular diseases including glomerulonephritis. We previously reported that 1) expression of nephrin in cultured podocytes is reinforced by retinoic acid (RA) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3), 2) these effects are mediated by retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and vitamin D receptor (VDR), and 3) basal and inducible e...

We describe here the analysis of congenital malformations in compound mutant fetuses bearing null alleles in one RXR (alpha, beta or gamma) and one RAR (alpha, beta or gamma) isotype gene. A marked synergy was observed between the effects of mutations in RXR alpha and RARs, as a large number of developmental defects previously found mainly in RAR single and compound mutants were recapitulated i...

Timing advance (TA) estimation at the base station (BS) and reliable decoding of random access response (RAR) at the users are the most important steps in the initial random access (RA) procedure. However, due to the limited availability of physical resources dedicated for RA, successful completion of RA requests would become increasingly difficult in high user density scenarios, due to content...

Pathogenesis of lung cancer is a complicated biological process including multiple genetic and epigenetic changes. Since cigarette smoking is confirmed as the most main risk factor of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the aim of this study was to determine whether tobacco exposure plays a role in gene methylation. Methylation of the RAR-β gene were detected using methylation-specific polymera...