Since the ancient Egyptians had used sand as filter media for water purification, its principle has been inherited through generations and it is still being used now in industries. The sand filter consists of sand literally, and the voids within the sand bed are the pores for filtration. Here we present a filtration principle using nanoparticles, so that the voids between the nanoparticles can ...

The intermittent slow sand filter (biosand filter) is a household-scale drinking water treatment system known for its simplicity and ease of use. This research examines several factors affecting the flowrate of the biosand filter as well as schmutzdecke disturbance, volume of water treated, and previous microbial loading to determine their effect on removal of microbes. It is recommended that a...

The need for clean water has risen exponentially over the globe. Millions of people are affected daily by a lack of clean water, especially women and children, as much of their day is dedicated to collecting water. The global water crisis not only has severe medical implications, but social, political, and economic consequences as well. The Institute of Catholic Bioethics at Saint Joseph's Univ...

Installation of a system to monitor and measure sand production from an oil well especially in a petroleum industry would be valuable to assist. Sand production is considered one of the major Problems facing the petroleum industry since a small amount of sand in the produced fluid can result in significant erosion in a very short time period. In this paper, we present a framework for sand detec...

The average groundwater extraction from Murunkan well field, Mannar, is around 3.4 MCM/year, and it was triggered by extensive development projects resettlements that took place in the last decade. Manganese Iron variations reported during some periods created various operational aesthetic issues potable water supply. This study focused on treating iron manganese using chlorination Rapid Sand F...

The transport characteristics of iron nanoparticles prepared with a green tea, polyphenol-rich solution, were investigated for two granular media, pure silica sand and sand coated with aluminium hydroxide. The GT-nZVI injection caused a sharp decrease in the effluent pH and increase in the redox potential, which is attributed to the presence of free Fe and polyphenols in the suspension, respect...

in this research, the effect of friction between the liquid metal and the sand mould wall and the effect of passage of liquid through a vertical bend and through a ceramic filter on the fluid flow and the melt velocity has been studied by measuring the velocity of the melt and direct observation of the liquid flow through the different parts of a naturally-pressurized running system. the fricti...