We investigate the distribution of performance of the Boolean functions of 3 Boolean inputs (particularly that of the parity functions), the always-on-6 and even-6 parity functions. We us enumeration, uniform Monte-Carlo random sampling and sampling random full trees. As expected XOR dramatically changes the fitness distributions. In all cases once some minimum size threshold has been exceeded,...

Let G be a weighted directed graph where the edge weights are non-negative real numbers. An arborescence or (directed) spanning tree with root r is a connected subgraph of G such that there is a unique directed path from v to r for each v ∈ V (G). The weight of a spanning tree T will be the product of the weights of the edges of T . Let Υ(G) be the probability distribution on the set of all spa...

Rapidly-exploring random trees (RRTs) are data structures and search algorithms designed to be used in continuous path planning problems. They are one of the most successful state-of-the-art techniques in motion planning, as they offer a great degree of flexibility and reliability. However, their use in other fields in which search is a commonly used approach has not been thoroughly analyzed. I...

Annosus root disease (ARD), is the major root disease of pines in the southeastern United States where severely affected trees exhibit growth loss. Assessing the potential damage of ARD is essential for making effective disease control and management decisions. A soil hazard rating system developed to identify potential for tree mortality is described. The Annosus Sampling Procedure accurately ...

b a ckground: diagnostic study of vector ticks for different pathogens transmitted specifically have been done by iranian old scientists working on the basis of biological transmission of pathogens. in this study we decided to con- firm natural infection of different collected ticks from three different provinces of iran. m e t hods: ticks were collected from livestock (sheep, goats and cattle)...

evaluating the population density and spatial pattern of infected trees are one of the important criteria for selecting the management method and epidemiology of forest diseases. this study aimed at assessing the damage intensity and spatial-temporal mortality patterns of oak in qoroq forest park, golestan province. the health of oak trees was evaluated in seven transects by using quarter-point...