Over the past three years a UK EPSRC research programme has been underway at Heriot-Watt University investigating siphonic roof rainwater systems. This text aims to report the principle 8ndings of the project to date. A brief description of experimental and numerical aims is given. The priming procedure which occurs in an idealised system is documented. The test procedures employed are describe...

Concentrations of 14 rare earth elements (REEs) in six size classes of airborne particulate matter (APM) (<0.43, 0.43–0.65, 0.65–1.1, 1.1–2.1, 2.1–11, and >11 mm) and in two different phases (suspended particulate and dissolved) in rainwater were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Positive Eu and Tb anomalies were observed in size-classified APM. These anomalie...

ABSTRACT During 2001 to 2003, the transmission biology of Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death, was studied in mixedevergreen forest, a common forest type in northern, coastal California. Investigation of the sources of spore production focused on coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and bay laurel (Umbellularia californica), dominant hosts that comprised 39.7 and 46.2% of t...

BACKGROUND In Brazil, about two million people living in rural semiarid regions were benefited with the construction of rainwater cement cisterns, as an initiative from the program "One Million Cisterns" (P1MC). Nevertheless, few epidemiological studies have been conducted to assess health risks or protection effects associated with consumption of this water source. The aim of this study was to...

The first long-term concurrent measurements of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in rainwater, in cloudwater, and in air (both gas and particle phase) are reported. Measurements were made weekly between June 1998 and April 2000 at a rural forested upland site in SE Scotland. Rainwater TCA concentration did not differ significantly between two elevations (602 and 275 m asl), with precipitation-weighted...

Analyses of regional-scale synoptics and air-mass trajectories, local-scale atmospheric measurements (wind direction and speed, air temperature, dust load, SO 2 and NO x concentrations in the air, rain amount and intensity), and chemical and isotopic compositions of rainwater collected in the coastal city of Ashdod, Israel, were used to identify the various contributing sources to rainwater sal...

The hydrology and geochemistry of groundwater in tropical island aquifers, such as Barbados, Guam and Puerto Rico, are significantly influenced by tropical climatic conditions. Recharge to these aquifers is the product of regional and local climate patterns that control rainfall. Oxygen isotopes can be used to estimate the amount and timing of recharge on these islands because seasonal fluctuat...

The adsorption and elution of a variety of human enteroviruses in a highly permeable, sandy soil was studied by using cores (43 by 125 mm) collected from an operating recharge basin on Long Island. Viruses studied included field and reference strains of polioviruses types 1 and 3 and reference strains of coxsackie virus B3 and echovirus types 1 and 6. Viruses suspended in treated sewage effluen...