abstract precipitation as the most important factor plays the main role in many application researches which are based on climatic parameters. many researches in the field of hydrology, hydrometeorology and agriculture employs rain-gauges (such as synoptic and climatologic stations) data. precipitation characteristics, such as rainfall intensity and duration, usually exhibit significant spatial...

[1] Accurate measurement of rainfall distribution at various spatial and temporal scales is crucial for hydrological modeling and water resources management. In the literature of satellite rainfall estimation, many efforts have been made to calibrate a statistical relationship (including threshold, linear, or nonlinear) between cloud infrared (IR) brightness temperatures and surface rain rates ...

Banjarbarucity – located in South Kalimantan province, Indonesia – has high temperatures average and rain intensity. Those cause various disasters and adverse impacts on human life. Moreover, high urbanization and infrastructure development contribute landcover change and the increase of non-vegetation landcover. Air pollution from transportation needs to be reduced by developing urban forest i...

splash erosion recognized as first stage of erosion process that results of bombing soil surface with rain drop. falling rain drops to soil surface resulted moving soil particles and destructing soil structure. at this research effects of various pam rate (0, 2, 4 and 6 kg.ha) on splash erosion on three soil textuere clay, silty clay and sandy clay loam was tested. simulations were done with ra...

Recurrence of rain-induced landslides is controlled by the repetition of rain events. Therefore, rainfall induced landslide hazard analysis is more complicated than a conventional rainfall frequency analysis, and requires multi-stage procedures. It requires a susceptibility analysis to divide a region into successive classes at the first stage. Then, the relationship between the probability of ...