Plastic mulch increased minimum temperature of soil, accelerated plant height,early growth, early yield, and bring satisfactory weed control without anyapplication of herbicides. This experiment was laid out on three-factorialRandomized Complete Block Design with three replications during 2008-2010 atthe National Rice Research Institute, Rasht, Iran using three kinds of mulches(Transparent and ...

Individual predisposing factors include; age, conformation, previous injuries, temperament, training program and diet. Specifically for racing Greyhounds; track shape, racing surface, care and maintenance of the track, speed and conduct of the hare, number of dogs in the race, race time and length of kenneling are influencing factors for musculoskeletal injury. For other types of working dogs, ...

we are again in want of satisfactory reliable data. None exist that I know of. But if it is so, surely fever should be prevalent at all seasons when the heat is sufficient to generate the poison. Irrigation is used chiefly, I believe, to supplement the natural rain-fall, so that if it acts in this way as a cause, it ought to do so more in seasons of deficient rains than in other years, for then...

[1] Biological activity in arid grasslands is strongly dependent on moisture. We examined gas exchange of biological soil crusts (biocrusts), the underlying soil biotic community, and the belowground respiratory activity of C3 and C4 grasses over 2 years in southeast Utah, USA. We used soil surface CO2 flux and the amount and carbon isotope composition (dC) of soil CO2 as indicators of belowgro...

A number of significant annual weather variables are known to be critical to the quantity and quality of vineyard harvest. In rain-fed viticulture regions for example, most quality wines are produced in areas where the annual precipitation is below 700 to 800 mm (Jackson and Shuster, 1987; Galet, 1993). Indeed, barring any moisture stress to the vine, a warm, dry growing season is generally ass...

Continuous measurements of soil respiration and its components help us understand diurnal and seasonal variations in soil respiration and its mechanism. We continuously measured CO2 concentration at various depths in the soil and calculated surface CO2 efflux based on CO2 gradients and diffusivity in a young ponderosa pine plantation in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California. We determined s...

Let us stipulate at the outset that “omission” refers to any action or event that doesn’t occur. In contrast, one might use “omission” to denote exclusively intentional failures (my refraining from picking up the dry cleaning), exclusively agent-involving failures (the gardener’s failure to water the plant), or failures with an explicitly normative dimension (as in Billy not following through o...

The study proposes an item response curve defined in terms of a logistic function of differences be tween unknown scale values. Two Examples are presented to illustrate the proposed model. In the first example, data on subjective likelihood of rain-fall statements are analysed by the proposed model and dual scaling, noting inferential properties of the estimated scale values being the most rema...

It was originally suggested that this paper should deal with problems associated with the management of grazings under low rainfall conditions and the title submitted was “Problems of management of grassland under low rainfall conditions in South Africa.” It was decided, however, that as much of the veld under low rainfall conditions was not grassland, it would be better to deal with the main v...

Rainfall is the most important water resource in central and western Sudan, a region affected by the recent drought in Africa. A general methodology for studying the annual rainfall process is presented and applied to data from central and western Sudan. It is assumed that certain time series models adequately describe the annual rainfall process in the region. Based on this assumption, the dro...