This study evaluates rail transit benefits based on a comprehensive analysis of transportation system performance in major U.S. cities. It finds that cities with large, wellestablished rail systems have significantly higher per capita transit ridership, lower average per capita vehicle ownership and annual mileage, less traffic congestion, lower traffic death rates, lower consumer expenditures ...

AbstractA BiCMOS rail-to-rail operational amplifier capable of operating from supply voltages as low as 1.W is presented. A new technique of achieving a rail-to-rail input common mode range us'ing a bipolar input stage is developed. The new technique avoids the use of complementary pairs at the input and thus avoids complicated schemes for monitoring the constant g,?, . The resulting variation ...

When deep learning methods are used to detect rail surface defects, the training accuracy declines due small defects and an insufficient number of samples. This paper investigates problem defect detection by using improved feature pyramid network (FPN) metric approach. Firstly, FPN is adding deformable convolution convolutional block attention modules improve detecting different scales, it pret...

Rail is a framework for building web applications that can precisely identify inappropriately disclosed data after a vulnerability is discovered. To do so, Rail introduces retroactive disclosure auditing: re-running the application with previous inputs once the vulnerability is fixed, to determine what data should have been disclosed. A key challenge for Rail is to reconcile state divergence be...

this paper proposes a low voltage (±0.55v supply voltage) low power (44.65µw) high common mode rejection ratio (cmrr) differential amplifier (d.a.) with rail to rail input common mode range (icmr), constant transconductance (gm) and enhanced frequency performance. its high performance is obtained using a simple negative averaging method so that it cancels out the common mode input signals at th...

This paper discusses the results of an investigation into ways in which the safety risks of travel on road and rail interact with each other in Great Britain, other than through physical contact such as at level crossings. The two main foci of the paper are: (1) an analysis of the 'whole journey' risks of journeys for which the national rail system is the main mode, but which also include stage...

Running rails used as a return conductor and ungrounded scheme have been widely adopted in DC traction power systems. Due to the longitudinal resistance of running rails and insulation resistance of rail-to-ground, there will be a potential rise between running rails and the ground when return current flows through the running rails, which is known as rail potential. At present, abnormal rise o...