Ionizing radiation (IR) is used frequently in the management of multiple tumor types, including both organ-confined and locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Enhancing tumor radiosensitivity could both reduce the amount of radiation required for definitive treatment and improve clinical outcome. Androgen suppression therapy improves clinical outcomes when combined with radiation therapy but i...

Ionizing radiation (IR) is used frequently in the management of multiple tumor types, including both organ-confined and locally advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Enhancing tumor radiosensitivity could both reduce the amount of radiation required for definitive treatment and improve clinical outcome. Androgen suppression therapy improves clinical outcomes when combined with radiation therapy but i...

Treatment of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is plagued by low survival and high recurrence rates, despite multimodal therapies. Presently, cisplatin or cetuximab is used in combination with radiotherapy which has resulted in minor survival benefits but increased severe toxicities relative to RT alone. This underscores the urgent need for improved tumor-specific radiosens...

Radiosensitization caused by the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide (ANI) was investigated in 10 asynchronously growing rodent (V79, CHO-Xrs6, CHO-K1, PARP-1+/+ 3T3, and PARP-1-/- 3T3) or human (HeLa, MRC5VI, IMR90, M059J, and M059K) cell lines, either repair proficient or defective in DNA-PK (CHO-Xrs6 and M059J) or PARP-1 (PARP-1-/- 3T3). Pulse exposure to A...

BACKGROUND Cancer control by radiotherapy (RT) can be improved with concurrent chemotherapy. Outpatient strategies for sarcomas that combine chemotherapy and RT are possible since supportive care and RT techniques have improved. METHODS The current status of non-anthracycline chemotherapy in combination with radiation for high-risk sarcoma is reviewed. RESULTS Ifosfamide with mesna and newe...

The role of DNA topoisomerase I as a biochemical mediator of radiosensitization in cultured mammalian cells by camptothecin derivatives was studied. We found that, in Chinese hamster DC3F cells, camptothecin enhanced the cytotoxicity of radiation in a schedule-dependent manner. At 4 microM, a sensitizer enhancement ratio of 1.45 was observed when radiation was used concurrently with or immediat...

Limited data exists regarding the combination of Hedgehog signaling (Hh) inhibition and radiotherapy, even though there are several indications that this might be a promising treatment strategy. In this study, we evaluated the combination of two Hh inhibitors, the SMO inhibitor GDC-0449 and the GLI inhibitor GANT61 with radiotherapy in different prostate cancer (PCa) models. In vitro, GANT61 wa...

Objective(s): Semiconductor zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have unique properties, such as inherent selectivity and photosensitization effects under ultraviolet (UV) radiation. ZnO NPs serve as promising anticancer agents. However, UV radiation limits their penetration into the body. In most clinical settings, it is essential to use high-energy photons in the treatment of deep-seated tumors...

We examined the effects of two biochemical modulators, 5'-aminothymidine (5'-AdThd) and leucovorin (LV), on the in vitro incorporation of iododeoxyuridine (IdUrd) into DNA and its subsequent radiosensitization in two human colon cancer cell lines, HT 29 and HCT 116. 5'-AdThd is a modulator of thymidine kinase activity while LV is an essential cofactor for thymidylate synthase activity. In HT 29...

Both misonidazole (MISO) and hyperthermia are known to enhance the radiation response of hypoxic cells, and to be selectively cytotoxic against cells in a hypoxic and acidic environment. The ability of these conditions to modify the effect of irradiation and their individual relationship was studied in a C3H mammary carcinoma and its surrounding skin. Simultaneous treatment with MISO, hyperther...