The limitations on the sensitivity for detecting small changes in MRI, CT, and ultrasound pulse-echo images are used to estimate the practical requirements for molecular imaging and targeted contrast enhancement for these modalities. These types of imaging are highly unlikely to approach the sensitivity for detecting molecular processes of radionuclear methods, and the prospects for achieving s...

This paper presents a systematic analysis of the inherent uncertainty in internal dose calculations for radiopharmaceuticals. A generic equation for internal dose is presented, and the uncertainty in each of the individual terms is analyzed, with the relative uncertainty of all terms compared. The combined uncertainties in most radiopharmaceutical dose estimates will be typically at least a fac...

Radiation dose measurements of radiopharmaceuticals and calibrators at different voltages fluctuations were evaluated. Low high doses technetium, iodine fluorine pharmaceuticals measured in voltages. The results showed that only low could make small insignificant differences.

The field of nuclear imaging and therapy is rapidly progressing with the development targeted radiopharmaceuticals that show rapid targeting clearance minimal background. Unfortunately, they are often reabsorbed in kidneys, leading to possible nephrotoxicity, limiting therapeutic dose, and/or reducing quality. blocking endocytic receptors has been extensively used as a strategy reduce kidney ra...

Dementia describes the loss of brain function that occurs with certain diseases, and which has the potential to affect memory, thinking, language, judgment, and behavior. Most types of dementia involve irreversible neurodegeneration, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form. Beyond AD however, there are many other diseases that can lead to dementia including dementia with Lewy bodie...

Thyroid scintigraphy is a method that formed more than 60 years ago and retains its importance for the diagnosis assessment of risk nodular malignancy. The review examines use scintigraphic in functional metabolic goiter. Prerequisites thyroid nodes screening with short-lived 99mTc-pertechnetate are outlined. Information provided on principles preparation pharmacokinetics, as well variants acti...

A Radiopharmaceutical is a radioactive compound used for the diagnosis and treatment of human diseases. Radiopharmaceuticals are among the most highly regulated materials administered to patients because they are controlled both as drugs and as radioactive substances. The use of radiopharmaceuticals for any purpose is governed by regulatory agencies in different countries all over the wor...

This article describes the 30-y history of nuclear medicine in Brazil, including reactors, production of radiopharmaceuticals, and trends.