INTRODUCTION External photon beam modulation using compensators in order to achieve a desired dose distribution when brachytherapy treatment is followed by external beam radiation is a well-established technique. A compensator modulates the central part of the beam, and the dose beneath the thickest part of the compensator is delivered mostly by scattered, low energy photons. A two-dimensional ...

Recognition of azygos continuation of the inferior vena cava (AC-IVC) is necessary to prevent unnecessary surgery, to modify the approach to right heart catheterization and to avoid potentially fatal azygos ligation at the time of thoracic surgery. Absence of the inferior vena cava (IVC) shadow on the lateral chest film has been claimed to be an important feature of AC-IVC. Our findings, howeve...

In December 1961, Letournel [10] published his original series on acetabular fracture classification and operative management. Before that time, acetabular fractures were classified as those associated with posterior hip dislocation and those associated with central hip dislocation. Many were treated without surgery, resulting in poor articular congruity of the hip. Citing an increasing inciden...

Initial clinical experience with a system for the digitization, processing, and display of film radiographs is described. Film is digitized using a high-intensity laser scanner; the recorded image data may then be subjected to a wide variety of processing options, with display of processed images on television monitors. The possibilities of clinical applications to processing and display of che...

has been known for 50 years that inhalation of asbestos dust can lead to appearances on chest roentgenograms that are different from those associated with silicosis and coal workers’ pneumoconiosis.1 However, only the latest international classifications of the radiographic appearances of the pneumoconioses allow the recording of such shadows.2’3 These include what are now called small irregula...