BACKGROUND When hip displacement in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is identified early, treatment is more successful. The standard test is a radiograph of the pelvis measuring the migration index (MI). Our study aims to review published literature of the natural history of hip dislocation among children with CP and to define related risk factors to develop screening criteria for early recogn...

Abstract Panoramic radiography is an extraoral modality that provides two-dimensional information about the teeth and maxillofacial skeleton. It a valuable adjunct for diagnosis treatment planning as it facilitates one-time imaging of all teeth, mandible, parts maxilla including large part maxillary sinus, hard palate temporomandibular joints (TMJs). As tomographic image prone to errors artefac...

statement of problem: few longitudinal studies have evaluated the reproducibility of natural head position (nhp) with more than six months follow-up. purpose: the present investigation was conducted to estimate the reproducibility of nhp in adult cases after three years. materials and methods: this descriptive study was performed on 27 volunteer dental students, 19-29 years of age. one radiogra...