Salinity is a leading threat to crop growth throughout the world. Salt stress induces altered physiological processes and several inhibitory effects on of cereals, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, we determined salinity five spring winter genotypes seedlings. We evaluated salt root shoot attributes, i.e., length (RL), (SL), relative rate (RGR-RL), (RGR-SL). The ionic conte...

Real-Time Strategy (RTS) games provide a challenging platform to implement online reinforcement learning (RL) techniques in a real application. Computer as one player monitors opponents’ (human or other computers) strategies and then updates its own policy using RL methods. In this paper, we firstly examine the suitability of applying the online RL in various computer games. RL application depe...

conclusions there were no significant differences in the survival rates and short-term postoperative complications between the laparoscopic partial nephrectomy group and the laparoscopic radical nephrectomy group for small rcc, but the former was slightly more effective. background renal cell carcinoma (rcc) is a common malignancy of the urinary system with high rates of morbidity and mortality...

Rat liver cells in vitro were transformed with chicken sarcoma virus B77, giving RL(B77) cells, and with murine sarcoma virus (Harvey), giving RL(MSV) cells. Rat liver cells transformed spontaneously in vitro were designated RL cells. In addition, the RL(MSV) cell line was adapted for growth in culture fluid containing 25 mug of 5-bromodeoxyuridine per ml. All cell lines were tumorigenic in 1-w...

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a kind of machine learning. It aims to optimize agents’ policies by adapting the agents to an environment according to rewards. In this paper, we propose a method for improving policies by using stochastic knowledge, in which reinforcement learning agents obtain. We use a Bayesian Network (BN), which is a stochastic model, as knowledge of an agent. Its structure i...

Reinforcement learning (RL) in partially observable settings is challenging because the agent’s observations are not Markov. Recently proposed methods can learn variable-order Markov models of the underlying process but have steep memory requirements and are sensitive to aliasing between observation histories due to sensor noise. This paper proposes dynamic-depth context tree weighting (D2-CTW)...

OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of shortened hospital stay after radical retropubic prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer on complication rates and hospital costs. METHODS A comparison of results between 171 consecutive patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy between July 1989 and January 1993 (group 1) and 101 consecutive patients operated on since February 1993 (group 2) ...

Genetic and molecular characterization of the dominant suppressors of D-raf(C110) on the second chromosome identified two gain-of-function alleles of rolled (rl), which encodes a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in Drosophila. One of the alleles, rl(Su23), was found to bear the same molecular lesion as rl(Sem), which has been reported to be dominant female sterile. However, rl(Su23) and t...

seeds of nine sugar beet lines: five drought tolerant, two susceptible, and two medium tolerant were washed, sterilised, dried, and sown in water agar medium for germination test. seedling growth characters such as cotyledon fresh weight (cfw), cotyledon dry weight (cdw), root fresh weight (rfw), root dry weight (rdw), and root length (rl) were determined after the end of 28 days period of expe...

Image Deblurring Nam-Yong Lee ∗ Department of Applied Mathematics, Institute of Basic Sciences, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749, Korea Abstract In this paper, we extend the Richardson–Lucy (RL) method to block iterative versions, separated BI-RL and interlaced BI-RL, for image deblurring applications. We propose combining algorithms for separated BI-RL to form block artifact-free out...