In this paper we propose one possible approach how to apply the concept of multiple-input multipleoutput (MIMO) to monostatic Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR) in a maritime environment. Common tasks for a HFSWR are sea-state monitoring and ship detection, where our focus is on ship detection. A limiting factor in HFSWR is the available bandwid...

The results of field experiments carried out in 2007, 2008 in a north-east part of the Black sea in region of city Gelendzhik, are given. Experiments targeted the development of a bottom topography remote (radar and optical) diagnostics. Experimental area is characterized by abrupt depth dumping (fall 50 1250 m), and irregularity of a bank vault (numerous canyons). Such bottom topography in the...

The study of the collective effects of radar scattering from an aggregation of discrete scatterers randomly distributed in a space is important for better understanding the origin of the backscatter from spatially extended geophysical targets (SEGT). We consider the microstructure irregularities of a SEGT as the essential factor that affect radar backscatter. To evaluate their contribution this...

The millimeter wave (MMW) band of frequencies extends from 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with some fuzziness on both ends of this spectrum. The terahertz (THz) band extends from about 200 GHz to about 30 THz, despite the fact that the lower frequencies in this range are not strictly 10 Hz or higher. These bands are also variously called submillimeter, far-infrared, and near-millimeter. In recent years, th...

In this paper, the retrieving significant wave height from X-band marine radar images based on shadow statistics is investigated, since the retrieving accuracy can not be seriously affected by environmental factors and the method has the advantage of without any external reference to calibrate. However, the accuracy of the significant wave height estimated from the radar image acquired at the n...

Autonomous vehicle operations in outdoor environments challenge robotic perception. Construction, mining, agriculture, and planetary exploration environments are examples in which the presence of dust, fog, rain, changing illumination due to low sun angles, and lack of contrast can dramatically degrade conventional stereo and laser sensing. Nonetheless, environment perception can still succeed ...

Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory (POL) deployed an X-band (9.8GHz, 3cm wavelength) marine radar during the European COAST3D field experiments in Teignmouth, UK. The study site is a complex three-dimensional tidal inlet. A sequence of 64 radar images was collected at time interval of 2.25s every hour. Although realistic-looking wave patterns are observed in the radar images, it is still unclear...

Airborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images of sea surface often reveal ship wakes, which appear in a form of bright and dark streaks. It is believed that some of them pertain to the ship generated Kelvin wave system and some to the ship turbulent wake (Reed et al., 1990). The streaks in SAR images are sufficiently narrow to consider them as straight segments. Assuming that the location and ...

Simultaneous microwave and video measurements of shallow water breaking waves are presented. A comparison of the data from the two sensors shows that short-duration spikes in the measured X-band radar cross section are highly correlated with the presence of breaking waves in the video imagery. In addition, the radar backscatter from shallow water breaking events is responsible for 40% to 50% of...

Most measurements of ocean surface wave variations are made in the temporal domain, i.e wave height or slope as a function of time. By contrast, a synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is capable of measuring waves in the twodimensional spatial domain at essentially a single instant. As a consequence, SAR imagery affords us a unique opportunity to examine some of the non-linear features of ocean surfa...