Background: Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) affected by HIV/AIDS frequently experience placement/ residential changes, inconsistent caregivers, abuse, neglect, disruptions in their lives and several mental health problems. This may lead to a disorder of emotional functioning, reactive attachment disorder (RAD), where the child exhibits wary, watchful, and emotionally withdrawn. Despite it...

This paper considers sliding mode allocation schemes for fault tolerant control. The schemes allow redistribution of the control signals to the remaining functioning actuators when a fault or failure occurs. The paper analyzes the schemes and determines conditions under which closed–loop stability is retained for a certain class of faults and failures. It is shown that faults and even certain t...

BACKGROUND Ras associated with diabetes (Rad) inhibits vascular lesion formation by reducing the attachment and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the transcriptional regulation of Rad in VSMCs is unclear. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We found that Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF)induced Rad expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner in rat aortic smoo...

ATM and ATR are key components of the DNA damage checkpoint. ATR primarily responds to UV damage and replication stress, yet may also function with ATM in the checkpoint response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), although this is less clear. Here, we show that atl-1 (Caenorhabditis elegans ATR) and rad-5/clk-2 prevent mitotic catastrophe, function in the S-phase checkpoint and also cooperate ...

BACKGROUND Rad (Ras associated with diabetes) GTPase is a prototypic member of a new subfamily of Ras-related GTPases with unique structural features, although its physiological role remains largely unknown. In the present study, we characterized the Rad function in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the influence of adenovirus-mediated Rad (Ad-Rad) gene delivery on vascular remodeling af...

Rad is the prototypic member of a new class of Ras-related GTPases. Purification of the GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Rad revealed nm23, a putative tumor metastasis suppressor and a development gene in Drosophila. Antibodies against nm23 depleted Rad-GAP activity from human skeletal muscle cytosol, and bacterially expressed nm23 reconstituted the activity. The GAP activity of nm23 was spe...

a = bubble radius, m b = corrective factor used in Eq. (10) cij = matrix elements of the sensitivity coefficients J e = sample thickness, m f1, f2 = spectral weights of the Henyey–Greenstein phase function HG g = spectral asymmetry factor g1, g2 = spectral parameters of the Henyey–Greenstein phase function HG I = spectral radiation intensity, W m 2 sr 1 J = matrix of the sensitivity coefficient...

This paper reports an in-depth case study of a rapid application development (RAD) project. RAD is a recent information systems development method noted for its high levels of user involvement and use of iterative prototyping. The paper develops a model of the core features of RAD gleaned from literature such as that published on the dynamic systems development method (DSDM). We report an ethno...

The hus1+ gene is one of six fission yeast genes, termed the checkpoint rad genes, which are essential for both the S-M and DNA damage checkpoints. Classical genetics suggests that these genes are required for activation of the PI-3 kinase-related (PIK-R) protein, Rad3p. Using a dominant negative allele of hus1+, we have demonstrated a genetic interaction between hus1+ and another checkpoint ra...