Blood oxygen contrast-functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) signals are a convolution of neural and vascular components. Several studies indicate that task-related (T-fMRI) or resting-state (R-fMRI) responses linearly relate to hypercapnic task responses. Based on the linearity of R-fMRI and T-fMRI with hypercapnia demonstrated by different groups using different study designs, we hypoth...

When measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in the resting state (R-fMRI), spontaneous activity is correlated between brain regions that are anatomically and functionally related. Learning and/or task performance can induce modulation of the resting synchronization between brain regions. Moreover, at the neuronal level spontaneous brain activity can replay patterns evoked by...

Potential age differences in the electroencephalographic (EEG) correlation (r) between the prefrontal and parietal cortices during performance of the Tower of Hanoi task were studied. In three groups of healthy males (G1, 11-13; G2, 18-20, and G3, 26-30, years of age) EEGs were recorded at baseline and during performance of the Tower of Hanoi task. The parameters of the task showed no significa...

“This analysis identified a positive relationship between performance and task-related coherence, indicating that greater task performance coincided with greater task-related inter-brain coherence (r = 0.603, p = 0.024) (Fig. 6A). Next, we conducted a series of identical linear regression analyses on each dyad type (male/male, male/female, female/female) individually. These analyses identified ...

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T h e inf luence of s t imu lus modali ty and task dif f iculty on workload and perform a n c e was invest igated in the current s tudy. T h e goal ums t o quant i fy the "cost" (in t e r m s of response t i m e and ezperienced workload) incurred when essentially serial task componen t s shared c o m m o n e l emen t s (e.g., the response to one init iated the other) which could be accomplished...

The comprehensive o i l log i n t e r p r e t a t i o n is a procedure of numerical ca l cu la t i on and l o g i c a l (or p l aus ib l e ) in fe rence. In other words, the resu l t s of p re l im ina ry inference w i l l provide a basis f o r the choice of parameters of ca l cu l a t i on formula, and then the r e s u l t s of numerical c a l c u l a t i o n w i l l be used as evidences f o r...

This paper focuses on the effects of activating expected self as compared to the effects of activating the ought self. The expected self is a component of self-knowledge that pertains to the perception of one's capabilities and potentials. Two experimental studies compared participants' task performance after manipulating the momentary accessibility of the expected self vs. the ought self. In S...

This paper describes a prototype of a simulaled physics student that learns by interacting with a human tutor. The system solves physics problems while showing its work on a work· station screen, and the tutor can intervene at cenain points during problem·solving to advise the simulaled studenL This prototype constitutes an initial cognitive task analysis of the skill of learning from a tutor, ...

The apparent difficulty that humans experience when asked to manage dynamic complexity might be related to their inability to discriminate among familiar classes of objects (i.e., flawed recognition). In this study we examined the change in individuals’ recognition ability, as measured by the change in the similarity of decisions they made when confronted repeatedly with consistent dynamic situ...