John Bowlby (1969/1982) opens the first book of his classic Attachment trilogy with this quotation from Sigmund Freud in a chapter titled “Point of View.” Bowlby then goes on to carefully outline his own paradigm-altering point of view, building from extensive observations of young children separated from their parents. Bowlby’s selection of this quotation suggests his recognition that viewing ...

By the time Bugiel wrote his thesis on Joseph Struthius (1510-1568) in 1901, from which the quotation is taken,' there was no longer any trace of the stone. Struthius came from a well-to-do family called Strus, his father being a comb manufacturer.2 Joseph, born in Poznan (at one time Posen), was the second of three sons. According to Eloy,3 he latinized his name to Struthius which, taken from ...

Quoted speech is often set off by punctuation marks, in particular quotation marks. Thus, it might seem that the quotation marks would be extremely useful in identifying these structures in texts. Unfortunately, the situation is not quite so clear. In this work, I will argue that quotation marks are not adequate for either identifying or constraining the syntax of quoted speech. More useful inf...

We are interested in algorithms that manipulate mathematical expressions in mathematically meaningful ways. Expressions are syntactic, but most logics do not allow one to discuss syntax. cttqe is a version of Church’s type theory that includes quotation and evaluation operators, akin to quote and eval in the Lisp programming language. Since the HOL logic is also a version of Church’s type theor...

This paper explores Frege's views of quotations and that-clauses. In Section II his view is stated in a rough way; it leaves several questions open. In Section III the view that quotation-mark pairs are functional names (in Frege's sense) is explored, and in Section IV the contrary view is discussed. Both views are consistent with Frege's articulated theory. In Section IV the question is raised...

Direct quotation raises three major problems for grammatical modelling: (i) the variety of quoted material (which can be a non linguistic behavior, or a sign in a different language), (ii) the embedding of an utterance inside another one, (iii) a special denotation, the content of the quotation being the utterance itself. We propose a unary rule, which turns the quoted material into a linguisti...

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The PIDS Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. They are being circulated in a limited number of copies only for purposes of soliciting comments and suggestions for further refinements. The studies under the Series are unedited and unreviewed. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect th...