This study revisits the OPEC cartel hypothesis using a case study. A test is conducted to see if Venezuela has its production Granger cause its OPEC quota or whether the OPEC quota for Venezuela Granger causes Venezuelan production. The results show both occur at different times. In the short run, OPEC’s oil production quota for Venezuela Granger causes Venezuelan production. However, shortly a...

The amount of wheat and corn produced in excess will be sold at prices of $ 170 per ton for wheat and $ 150 per ton for corn. For sugar beets there is a quota on production which is 6000 T for the farmer. Any amount of sugar beets up to the quota can be sold at $ 36 per ton, the amount in excess of the quota is limited to $ 10 per ton. We denote by w1 and w2 the amount in tons of wheat resp. co...

The method of largest remainders (Hamilton) is used for allotment of 288 of the seats among the 56 Greek constituencies. This method possesses various paradoxes as was observed through two centuries of application. So we propose a modification where the seats are allocated at a first stage by the lower Hare-Quota and the additional ones using the method of major fractions (Webster) restricted s...

the main purpose of this study is to find out the factors affecting entrepreneurship strengthening tendencies in student of iran’s agricultural scientific-applied higher education centers. the research is an applied type in which descriptive method has been employed. the tool for data collection was questionnaire the reliability of which was 85%. population of the research consisted of 1954 gra...

In parliaments elected by proportional systems the seats are allocated to the political parties roughly proportionally to the shares of votes for the party lists obtained in elections. Assuming that members of the parliament representing the same party are voting together, it has sense to require that distribution of the influence of the parties in parliamentary decision making is proportional ...

In this paper I improve Gardner's surplus transformation curve framework by assuming that government is able to vary many policy instruments simultaneously instead of only one. I use my framework to find the combination of the currently used instruments which provides the most efficient income redistribution for the Austrian bread grains market. Contrasting the most efficient policy to the actu...

This study aims to analyze how the basic techniques of short serve forehand and smash in badminton games at Club PB. Rama Jaya. The population this were PB athletes. sample amounted 20 sampling technique used Non-probability Sampling with Quota technique. instrument data collection is test games. Based on results research level technical skills Ramba Jaya researchers can conclude that there are...

This paper establishes an agent-based simulation system of the carbon emissions trading in accordance with the complex feature of the trading process. This system analyzes the impact of the carbon quota allocation mechanism on emissions trading for three different aspects including the amount of emissions reduction, the economic effect on the emitters, and the emissions reduction cost. Based on...

In sea cage fish farming, production quotas aim to constrain the impact of fish farming on the surrounding ecosystem. It is unknown how these quotas affect economic profitability and environmental impact of genetic improvement. We combined bioeconomic modelling with life cycle assessment (LCA) to calculate the economic (EV) and environmental (ENV) values of thermal growth coefficient (TGC) and ...

This paper develops a continuous-time two-sector model to study the economic e ects of an import quota during the period of time over which it is imposed. One of the sectors is protected by a quota, which in our setup manifests itself as an integral constraint on the ow of imports of the protected commodity. In sharp contrast to the existing literature, our small open economy exhibits distinctl...