The occurrence of the two new cis-fused A/B rings furostanol saponins (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-1β,3β,22α,26-tetraol-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-1β,2β,3β,5β,22α,26-hexaol and the known compounds (25S)-26-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-5β-furostan-3β,22α,26-triol-3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and...

Five new triterpene saponins, Ilexpublesnins N-R (1-5), along with seven known analogs were isolated from the root of Ilex pubescens. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Ilexpublesnin N (1) possessed a rare 20-hydroxyursolic acid scaffold from natural resource. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for their c...

Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) are one of the most important compounds derived from roots of the herb Panax notoginseng which are traditionally used as a hemostatic medicine to control internal and external bleeding in China for thousands of years. To date, at least twenty saponins were identified and some of them including notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rb1, and ginsenoside Rg1 were researc...

Leishmania antigens are weak immunogens and need to be potentiated by various adjuvants and delivery systems. Alginate microspheres as an antigen delivery system and Quillaja saponins (QS) as an immunoadjuvant have been used to enhance the immune response against Autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM). Microspheres were prepared by an emulsification technique and characterized for size, encapsulatio...

Leishmania antigens are weak immunogens and need to be potentiated by various adjuvants and delivery systems. Alginate microspheres as an antigen delivery system and Quillaja saponins (QS) as an immunoadjuvant have been used to enhance the immune response against Autoclaved Leishmania major (ALM). Microspheres were prepared by an emulsification technique and characterized for size, encapsulatio...

Twelve new steroidal saponins, including eleven furostanol saponins, terrestrinin J-T (1-11), and one spirostanol saponin, terrestrinin U (12), together with seven known steroidal saponins 13-19 were isolated from T. terrestris. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS, and comparisons with published data.

Platyphora leaf beetles form a vast group of tropical species each feeding on a restricted set of host plants and exhibiting bright coloration warning predators against their chemical protection. These beetles offer an exceptional opportunity for understanding the evolution of phytochemical sequestration. Indeed, qualitative studies of defensive secretions indicate that Platyphora species acqui...

Four new spirostanol saponins, named pavitnosides A-D (1-4), with six known steroidal saponins 5-10 were isolated from the rhizomes of Paris vietnamensis. Their chemical structures were determined based on extensive spectroscopic studies and chemical methods. The aglycones of pavitnoside B and pavitnoside C were not reported in previous work. The cytotoxicity of all saponins was evaluated again...

Five new oleanane-type triterpene saponins including steganogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), steganogenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), steganogenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), chichipegenin 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (4) and chichipegenin 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), along with four known olean...

BACKGROUND Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv. or Vietnamese ginseng (VG) is a recently discovered ginseng species. Studies on its chemical constituents have shown that VG is remarkably rich in ginseng saponins, particularly ocotillol saponins. However, the psychopharmacological effects of VG have not been characterized. Thus, in the present study we screened the psychopharmacological activities o...