The operational approach to the measurement of phase studied by Noh, Fougerès and Mandel is applied to the measurement of the state of polarization of fully polarized light. Operational counterparts of the quantum Stokes parameters are introduced and their fluctuations are examined. It is shown that, if the polarized field is weak, the measured fluctuations are influenced not only by the quantu...

Neurons as active unities are connected one with the others by synapses in an electronic way. Each neuron as N port electronic medium scatters input waves and transmits output waves to other neurons. By voltage waves each neuron interacts with the others in a complex way. Scattering processes create dependence among neurons. We show that a multi pendulum mechanical system can be a simple model ...

We investigate the hypothesized existence of an S-matrix for gravity, and some of its expected general properties. We first discuss basic questions regarding existence of such a matrix, including those of infrared divergences and description of asymptotic states. Distinct scattering behavior occurs in the Born, eikonal, and strong gravity regimes, and we describe aspects of both the partial wav...

In the present work a general frame for the scattering theory of local, relativistic dipole quantum fields is presented and some models of interacting dipole fields are considered, i.e. local, relativistic quantum fields with indefinite metric which asymptotically do not converge to free fields, but to free dipole fields. Also, we give explicit formulae for the (nontrivial) scattering matrix of...

in this paper we examine the absorption and dispersion properties of a weak probe field via electromagnetically induced transparency (eit) in a four-level system. it is shown that under certain condition, using this model, the absorption cancellation is appeared and the medium becomes transparent to the weak probe field. it will be shown that the controlling of absorption and dispersion spectru...

We show how to construct discrete-time quantum walks on directed, Eulerian graphs. These graphs have tails on which the particle making the walk propagates freely, and this makes it possible to analyze the walks in terms of scattering theory. The probability of entering a graph from one tail and leaving from another can be found from the scattering matrix of the graph. We show how the scatterin...

We study the statistical properties of the scattering matrix associated with generic quantum graphs. The scattering matrix is the quantum analogue of the classical evolution operator on the graph. For the energy-averaged spectral form factor of the scattering matrix we have recently derived an exact combinatorial expression. It is based on a sum over families of periodic orbits which so far cou...

We present a nonintrusive method for reliably estimating the noise level during quantum computation and quantum communication protected by quantum error-correcting codes. As preprocessing of quantum error correction, our scheme estimates the current noise level through a negligible amount of classical computation using error syndromes and updates the decoder’s knowledge on the spot before infer...