Guided by scanning tunnelling microscopy images of regularly stepped surfaces it will be illustrated that there is a striking similarity between the behaviour of monoatomic step edges and quantum mechanical particles (spinless fermions). The direction along the step edge is equivalent to the time, while the direction perpendicular to the step corresponds to the one-dimensional space along which...

In this paper, quantum mechanical effects on nanoscale MOSFET devices are investigated through compact physical models. These models cover quantum mechanical influences on device parameters including long-channel threshold voltage shift, gate capacitance degradation, deteriorated short channel effects and sub-threshold slope. In-depth understanding of device characteristic modification brought ...

Quantum computing is a new computational paradigm created by reformulating information and computation in a quantum mechanical framework [30, 27]. Since the laws of physics appear to be quantum mechanical, this is the most relevant framework to consider when considering the fundamental limitations of information processing. Furthermore, in recent decades we have seen a major shift from just obs...

Observing a physical quantity without disturbing it is a key capability for the control of individual quantum systems. Such back-action-evading or quantum non-demolition measurements were first introduced in the 1970s for gravitational wave detection, and now such techniques are an indispensable tool throughout quantum science. Here we perform measurements of the position of a mechanical oscill...

Since the presentation of polynomial time quantum algorithms for discrete log and factoring [Sho94] it is generally accepted that quantum computers may—at least for some problems— outperform classical ones. But the field of quantum information processing does not only have implications for computational problems. Using quantum mechanical systems for information processing naturally leads to the...

The standard quantum limit constrains the precision of an oscillator position measurement. It arises from a balance between the imprecision and the quantum backaction of the measurement. However, a measurement of only a single quadrature of the oscillator can evade the backaction and be made with arbitrary precision. Here we demonstrate quantum backaction evading measurements of a collective qu...

We present a detailed discussion of some features of quantum mechanical metastability. We analyze the nature of decaying (quasistationary) states and the regime of validity of the exponencial law, as well as decays at finite temperature. We resort to very simple systems and elementary techniques to emphasize subtleties sometimes overlooked.

We derive a modification of the semiclassical Fermi Golden Rule collision operator based on quantum thermodynamic principles. The resulting operator is nonlocal in space and acknowledges the presence of steep potential gradients and potential barriers. The resulting quantum mechanical transport equation the Wigner quantum Boltzmann equation increases the corresponding quantum mechanical entropy...

We analyze an optomechanical system that can be used to efficiently transfer a quantum state between an optical cavity and a distant mechanical oscillator coupled to a second optical cavity. We show that for a moderate mechanical Q factor it is possible to achieve a transfer efficiency of 99.4% by using adjustable cavity damping rates and destructive interference. We also show that the quantum ...

Molecular dynamics studies have been performed on the zwitterionic form of the dipeptide glycine-alanine in water, with focus on the solvation and electrostatic properties using a range of theoretical methods, from purely classical force fields, through mixed quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical simulations, to fully quantum mechanical Car-Parrinello calculations. The results of these studie...