The brain-computer interface (BCI) is a direct (nonmuscular) communication channel between the brain and the external world that makes possible the use of neural prostheses and human augmentation. BCI interprets brain signals, such as neural spikes and cortical and scalp EEGs in an online fashion. In this chapter, BCIs based on two types of oscillatory EEG, the steady-state visual evoked potent...

Some kinds of quantification are always involved in signals EEG analysis, even in visual inspection. As digital computer technology developed large amounts of data manipulated and new concepts as pattern recognition and event-related desyncronization/synchronization arrived, “eyeballing” EEG interpretation became inappropriate. The problems rose to widespread acceptance and use of QEEG methods ...

In order to better understand the mechanisms of learning disabilities it is important to evaluate the electroencephalogram parameters and their relation to the results of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Thirty-six children with complaints of learning disability were studied. Electroencephalograms were carried out while awake and resting, and the values for absolute and relative powers calculat...

OBJECTIVE To validate the application of an automated neuronal spike classification algorithm, Wave_clus (WC), on interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) obtained from human intracranial EEG (icEEG) data. METHOD Five 10-min segments of icEEG recorded in 5 patients were used. WC and three expert EEG reviewers independently classified one hundred IED events into IED classes or non-IEDs. First,...

The electroencephalogram (EEG) has been used to detect episodes of cerebral ischemia during various surgical procedures. Recently, computerized systems for recording and interpreting the quantitative EEG (QEEG) have been used by anesthesiologists because of their ease of application, clarity of display, and reported ability to identify ischemic EEG changes. However, the extent to which automate...

INTRODUCTION Carotid endarterectomy is a common procedure as a secondary prevention of stroke, and one of the early controversies in carotid surgery is centered around whether a shunt should be used during this procedure. Although various EEG parameters have been proposed to determine if the brain is at risk during carotid artery clamping, the common procedure is still the visual assessment of ...

PURPOSE The aim was to compare quantitative EEG analysis of REM sleep in children with Down syndrome (DS) and normal age-matched controls. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one channel EEG of 21 patients with Down syndrome and 21 normal children, with ages ranging from 1 to 8 years, were submitted to quantitative analysis EEG of discharge-free epochs. The signals were recorded using a set of 17 (F3...

The electroencephalogram (EEG) is well-suited for continuous brain monitoring in neurological patients in the ICU, since the EEG is very sensitive for potential risks like ischemia and (non-convulsive) seizures [1]. However, to allow real-time computer assisted interpretation of the EEG, quantitative EEG (qEEG) and an adequate presentation of the data are required. This paper describes the impl...

To identify the correlates of a single cortical action potential in surface EEG, we recorded simultaneously epidural EEG and single-unit activity in the primary somatosensory cortex of awake macaque monkeys. By averaging over EEG segments coincident with more than hundred thousand single spikes, we found short-lived (≈ 0.5 ms) triphasic EEG deflections dominated by high-frequency components >80...