Cellular adaptations to endurance training are influenced by the intensity and duration of exercise. To examine the impact of exercise intensity and duration on the acute transcriptional regulation of metabolic genes in red (RG) and white (WG) gastrocnemius muscle, rats completed either low-intensity [ approximately 50% maximal O2 uptake (VO2 max)] treadmill exercise (LIE) for 45 min, LIE for 1...

Pyruvate has been shown to both stimulate and inhibit kidney pyruvate dehydrogenase, (PDH,) kinase activity. The present study investigates the inhibitory effect of pyruvate under conditions in which the stimulatory effect is invariant. Inhibition of PDH, kinase activity by dichloroacetate, a pyruvate analog, is also characterized. Both pyruvate and dichloroacetate are uncompetitive, hyperbolic...

pyruvate kinase is a key enzyme in glycolytic pathway that catalyzes the transphosphorylation between phosphoenolpyruvate and adp to yield atp and pyruvate. geobacillus stearothermophillus has a stable pyruvate kinase with determined crystal structure that composed of four separate domains. given that limited proteolysis experiments can be successfully used to probe conformational features of p...

Amphibolurus nuchalis were collected in central Australia during mid- (January) and late summer (March). Endurance time at 1 km/h on a motorized treadmill is greater in larger lizards, scaling as M0.65. Maximal O2 consumption (VO2max) scales as M0.96; standard metabolic rate (SMR) scales as M0.83. Factorial aerobic scope thus increases ontogenetically (9.4 at 1 g vs. 15 at 50 g). All organ mass...

In a previous study, an Escherichia coli strain lacking the key enzymes (acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase, ACK-PTA) of the major acetate synthesis pathways reduced acetate accumulation. The ackA-pta mutant strain also exhibits an increased lactate synthesis rate. Metabolic flux analysis suggested that the majority of excessive carbon flux was redirected through the lactate formation pat...

Pyruvate has been shown to both stimulate and inhibit kidney pyruvate dehydrogenase, (PDH,) kinase activity. The present study investigates the inhibitory effect of pyruvate under conditions in which the stimulatory effect is invariant. Inhibition of PDH, kinase activity by dichloroacetate, a pyruvate analog, is also characterized. Both pyruvate and dichloroacetate are uncompetitive, hyperbolic...

The aim of this study was to investigate the mRNA response related to mitochondrial biogenesis, metabolism, angiogenesis, and myogenesis in trained human skeletal muscle to speed endurance exercise (S), endurance exercise (E), and speed endurance followed by endurance exercise (S + E). Seventeen trained male subjects (maximum oxygen uptake (VO2-max): 57.2 ± 3.7 (mean ± SD) mL·min(-1)·kg(-1)) pe...

The embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are pluripotent, self-renewing that able to differentiate into any of the germ layers involved in embryogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms control ESC pluripotency and differentiation remain poorly understood. family Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK1-4), inactivates mitochondrial pyruvate complex via phosphorylation, plays a crucial role glucose homeostasis...

High lactate generation and low glucose oxidation, despite normal oxygen conditions, are commonly seen in cancer cells and tumors. Historically known as the Warburg effect, this altered metabolic phenotype has long been correlated with malignant progression and poor clinical outcome. However, the mechanistic relationship between altered glucose metabolism and malignancy remains poorly understoo...