Recent work on monetary policy has focused on the trade-off between output volatility and inflation volatility. This literature is based largely on models of closed economies. Three conclusions about optimal policy characterize these models. First, the central bank faces an inflation-output gap volatility trade-off only in the presence of cost-push shocks. Second, aggregate demand shocks should...

Overhand throwing requires contributions from and interaction between all limb segments. Most previous investigations have concentrated on the throwing arm itself, yet poor mechanics at the arm may originate in the lower extremities. Multicomponent ground-reaction forces of both the push-off and landing limbs were measured in six collegiate and one high school level baseball pitchers. Full body...

This paper investigates the pricing and production game in a decentralized assembly system that consists of one assembler and two independent suppliers. One supplier is able to exert the push contract on the assembler so as to transfer all his inventory risk, while the other supplier has to accept the pull contract from the assembler and consequently bears the overstock risk. Under this hybrid ...

This paper describes the 'push-pull' or 'stimulo-deterrent diversionary' strategy in relation to current and potential examples from our own experiences. The push-pull effect is established by exploiting semiochemicals to repel insect pests from the crop ('push') and to attract them into trap crops ('pull'). The systems exemplified here have been developed for subsistence farming in Africa and ...

abstract: Shear design models in reinforced concrete structures depend on stress transfer through cracks. Such mechanism is influenced by the displacement and roughness of opposite faces generated during cracking. reduced when an aggregate particle fractured leading to a smoother crack as found lightweight high strength concrete. This study evaluated ultimate shear sand-lightweight conventional...