BACKGROUND Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) has been used as analytical tool in chemistry for many years. In addition, FTIR can also be applied as a rapid and non-invasive method to detect and identify microorganisms. The specific and fingerprint-like spectra allow - under optimal conditions - discrimination down to the species level. The aim of this study was to develop a fast an...

We compare the transmission performance of 112-Gb/s POLMUX-QPSK modulation over large-A(eff) Pure-Silica core fiber and SSMF using EDFA-only amplification. The higher nonlinear threshold of the large-A(eff) Pure-Silica core fiber allows for a 55% increase in transmission distance. By using back-propagation an additional 10% increase is observed. In case spans with equal length for both fiber ty...

Carbonates from the impact melt-bearing breccia in 2016 IODP/ICDP Expedition 364 drill core at Site M0077 were systematically documented and characterized petrographically geochemically. Calcite, only carbonate mineral present, is abundant throughout this deposit as five distinct varieties: (1) subangular clasts (Type A); (2) subround/irregular with clay altered rims B); (3) fine-crystalline ma...

Mature fault cores are comprised of extremely fine, low permeability, clay-bearing gouges. Saturated granular materials known to dilate in response increases sliding velocity, resulting significant pore pressure drops that can suppress instability. Up now, dilatancy has been measured predominantly clay-poor Clay minerals have frictional strengths and, previous experiments, even small proportion...

The Earth’s solid inner core consists mainly of iron (Fe), alloyed with lighter elements, such as silicon (Si). Interpretation of seismic anisotropy and layering requires knowledge of the stable crystal structure in the inner core. We report ab initio density functional theory calculations on the free energy and vibrational stability of pure iron and Fe–Si alloys at conditions representative of...

Monists about material constitution typically argue that when Statue is materially constituted by Clay, Statue is just Clay. Pluralists about material constitution deny that constitution is identity: Statue is not just Clay. When Clay materially constitutes Statue, Clay is not identical to Statue. I discuss three familiar puzzles involving grounding, overdetermination and conceptual issues, and...

-Multivariate statistical analyses of geochemical, mineralogical, and cation-exchange capacity (CEC) data from a Venezuelan oil well were used to construct a model which relates elemental concentrations to mineral abundances. An r-mode factor analysis showed that most of the variance could be accounted for by four independent factors and that these factors were related to individual mineral com...

This study investigates the nano to core-scale geomechanical properties of a maturity series organic-rich, calcareous shales buried 100°C–180°C, with focus on: (a) mechanical organic matter; (b) elastic response and anisotropy shale composite at micro core scale; (c) creep response. Atomic force microscopy was used target kerogen nanoscale resolution, it found that stiffness increased thermal f...

Present study refers to the synthesis of new advanced materials based on poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) with previously reported own advanced modified clays by edge covalent bonding. This will create the premises to obtain nanocomposite hydrogels with combined hydrophilic-hydrophobic behavior absolutely necessary for co-delivery of polar/nonpolar substances. For the synthesis, N,N'-methylenebisa...