public accountability is a sign of modern and democratic administration. accountability has become a topic of concern in governance literature. the question of holding politicians and administration accountable in new governance environment, where many traditional means for controlling government have been no longer fully applied, has gained wide recognition. as a consequence, new types of acco...

In the current period, followed by the industrial revolution, the damaging effects of the one-dimensional attitude towards the environment caused by human have had countless hazards. To cope with these risks, the respect and protection of environmental values has attracted today's urban human attention once again and the issues about the human right to a decent, safe and healthy environment whi...

The body of residential complexes is affected by social interactions between residents over time. Of the most important places for social communications are bazaars as the backbone of Iranian cities. Ancient bazaar of Babol in north of Iran contains natural features which makes a special sense of place. This essay tries to answer to how concept of sense of place is presented and what are factor...

One of the most important elements of public space in Stone Town of Zanzibar is the baraza. The baraza is the place where people sit, meet, talk, and even rest. In its simplest form, the baraza is a platform built in front of houses or in open public spaces. Although the baraza was brought to Stone Town from rural areas of Zanzibar in the past century, today it is a part of its identity. The ma...

ISS which may be interpreted as transparency in information delivery is of high importance in personal life as well as in ruling system. It may be stated that these two are two sides of the same coin. If there is a real intention to govern people in a real democracy, then ISS is well-defined and developed in the country, and if ISS is well-defined, then it can be concluded that real resolutenes...

a Syracuse University, S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, Department of Public Relations, 215 University Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, United States b SBS (Seoul Broadcasting System), Public Relations Department, 161 Mokdongseo-ro, Yangcheon-Ku, Seoul 158-051, Republic of Korea Dankook University, Department of Sports Management, Republic of Korea Director of Media Interface and Networ...