This paper examines access to external financing in the privatization context and provides new evidence on the effects of financing constraints on performance and investment. Ownership reforms increase firms’ reliance on external financing. Empirically, performance and investment changes around ownership reforms are increasing in country-level measures of access to credit. The presence of a sev...

From the viewpoint of a company’s controlling shareholder, the optimal ownership structure generally involves some measure of dispersion, to avoid excessive monitoring by other shareholders. The optimal dispersion of share ownership can be achieved by going public, but this choice also entails some costs (the cost of listing and the loss of control over the shareholder register). If the control...

Firms with high levels of institutional ownership are more likely to be acquired. This paper shows that this positive correlation is due to ownership endogeneity. Institutional investors are better informed investors and buy acquisition targets (“selection”). After controlling for this ownership endogeneity, the presence of institutional investors reduces the probability of being acquired. Evid...

During recent years,RFID technology has a wide applications in many fields.Since singnal transmit by the radio frequency, it raises many security and privacy concerns. Ownership transfer of RFID tags is another requriement for RFID systems. During the life of tag, it may pass from manufacutrer to commercial agent, the ownership of tag need change correspondingly.Taking into account the natural ...

This paper uses the asymmetric threshold cointegration test to examine the asymmetric relationship between household income and vehicle ownership in Taiwan, presenting estimated asymmetric error correction models. The empirical data include information on household income, car ownership and motorcycle ownership in different regions from 1974 to 2009. The results show that, first, motorcycle own...

The purpose of this study is investigating and determining rate of seizing assets and acquisition other companies by public sector companies. We estimate this rate at various stages of the life cycle of the company. Therefore, according to their size and age, the companies have been divided into small, large, young, and mature groups, and for this purpose, we have collected data from a sample o...

Cloud computing technology use central server and provide applications as services to users. The organization can take advantage of reducing the cost of hardware and software ownership and maintenance. Many surveys proved cloud computing reduces total cost of ownership. But due to centralized server approach there is always risk to system security. All applications required by different set of ...

INTRODUCTION Patient satisfaction with care received is an important dimension of evaluation that is examined only rarely in developing countries. Evidence about how satisfaction differs according to type of provider or patient payment status is extremely limited. OBJECTIVE To (i) compare patient perceptions of quality of inpatient and outpatient care in hospitals of different ownership and (...