The unplanned extension of the right to refuse treatment to the precommitment period is described in this paper. This extension of the right to refuse treatment has important public policy implications for the civil commitment process. These implications, as well as the pros and cons of the extension of the right to refuse treatment, are discussed.

The emergence of corona virus (COVID-19) has create a great public concern as the outbreak is still ongoing and government are taking actions such as holiday extension, travel restriction, temporary closure of public work place, borders, schools, quarantine/isolation, social distancing and so on. To mitigate the spread, we proposed and analyzed a stochastic model for the continue spread of coro...

the debate over the contribution of the internet to democracy is farfrom settled. some point to the empowering effects of online discussionand fund raising on recent electoral campaigns in the us to argue thatthe internet will restore the public sphere. others claim that the internetis just a virtual mall, a final extension of global capitalism into everycorner of our lives. this paper argues f...

The debate over the contribution of the Internet to democracy is farfrom settled. Some point to the empowering effects of online discussionand fund raising on recent electoral campaigns in the US to argue thatthe Internet will restore the public sphere. Others claim that the Internetis just a virtual mall, a final extension of global capitalism into everycorner of our lives. This paper argues f...

This paper describes the role of extension in sub-Saharan Africa, and gives a typology for types of extension, which includes the basic forms of public top-down, participatory, and private. An overview of the evidence base for successes or failures of various models is given. The current status of extension in various sub-Saharan African countries is assessed, and new models were discussed. A f...

Globally, ministries of agriculture, universities, and the private sector employ more than 600,000 extension agents (Swanson, Farmer, and Bahal 1990). In the past, extension services, largely public, were equated with the transfer of agricultural production technology in pre-determined “packages”. Extension systems are now understood to be much broader and more diverse, including public and pri...